NEET Biology MCQs Human Reproduction

Mastering Human Reproduction for the NEET Exam

Human Reproduction is one of the most critical, high-weightage chapters in the NEET Biology syllabus. To secure a top rank, you need more than just reading the textbook—you need rigorous practice and a deep understanding of the core concepts.

To help you boost your preparation, MathScience Academy has put together this premium practice set. Below, you will find 27 high-yield Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) covering essential topics like gametogenesis, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, and embryonic development.

Test your knowledge with the sample questions below, and don’t forget to download our complete, free PDF containing over 500 additional MCQs for your offline study sessions!

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NEET Biology MCQs Human Reproduction

1. Milk secreted from the cells of alveoli of mammary lobes reaches to the nipple by Lactiferous duct (L), Mammary duct (M), mammary Tubule (T) and mammary Ampulla (A) in the following order:

A) T → A → M → L
B) T → M → A → L
C) M → T → A → L
D) A → T → M → L

Answer: B Reason: The sequence of milk conduction is from the inside out. The cells of the mammary alveoli secrete milk, which opens into mammary tubules (T). The tubules of each lobe join to form a mammary duct (M). Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla (A), which finally connects to the lactiferous duct (L) leading to the nipple

2. The diagram shows some of the changes in blood hormone concentration which occur during the menstrual cycle. Match A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H of the graph with the hormones and events given below:

A) I-H, II-G, III-F, IV-E, V-D, VI-C, VII-B, VIII-A
B) I-D, II-E, III-F, IV-G, V-H, VI-A, VII-C, VIII-C
C) I-D, II-G, III-F, IV-C, V-H, VI-B, VII-E, VIII-A
D) I-A, II-C, III-E, IV-G, V-H, VI-F, VII-D, VIII-B

Answer: (You will need to select the right option based on your specific diagram’s lettering).

Reason: In a standard 28-day menstrual cycle graph, FSH and LH peak around day 14 (causing ovulation). Oestrogen peaks just before ovulation (proliferative/follicular phase), while Progesterone peaks heavily after ovulation during the luteal phase (secreted by the corpus luteum).

3. In frog, gastrulation process involves:

A) Epiboly
B) Emboly
C) Invagination
D) All of these

Answer: D

Reason: Gastrulation in frogs is a complex morphogenetic process that involves multiple movements: Epiboly (the overgrowth and spreading of micromeres over macromeres), Emboly (the inward migration of cells), and Invagination (the infolding of a layer of cells to form a cavity).

4. Name the most important hormone which causes the uterine contraction strongly:

A) Oxytocin
B) Inhibin
C) Protection
D) Progesterone

Answer: A

Reason: Oxytocin, synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, acts directly on the smooth muscle (myometrium) of the uterus, causing the strong, rhythmic contractions necessary for childbirth (parturition).

5. Correct sequence of hormone from beginning of menstrual cycle to the end is:

A) FSH, progesterone, LH
B) Oestrogen, FSH and progesterone
C) FSH, oestrogen, progesterone
D) Oestrogen, progesterone, FSH

Answer: C

Reason: Early in the cycle, FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) rises to stimulate follicle growth. The growing follicle then secretes increasing amounts of Oestrogen. After ovulation, the remaining follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which secretes high levels of Progesterone.

6. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A) Rabbit – Microlecithal, isolecithal
B) Frog – Mesolecithal, telolecithal
C) Human – Mesolecithal, centrolecithal
D) Birds – Macrolecithal, telolecithal

Answer: C

Reason: Human eggs are incorrectly matched here. Human eggs are essentially “alecithal” or “microlecithal” (containing very little to no yolk) and “isolecithal” (the small amount of yolk is evenly distributed). Centrolecithal eggs (yolk in the center) are typical of insects.

7. Capacitation takes place in:

A) 12 hrs
B) 10 hrs
C) 8 hrs
D) 6 hrs

Answer: D

Reason: Capacitation is the final maturation process of sperm, making them capable of fertilizing an ovum. It occurs in the female reproductive tract and typically takes about 5 to 6 hours.

8. Grey crescent is the area:

A) At the point of entry of sperm into ovum
B) Just opposite to the site of entry of sperm into ovum
C) At the animal pole
D) At the vegetal pole

Answer: B

Reason: In amphibians (like frogs), immediately after the sperm enters the egg, the cortical cytoplasm rotates. This exposes a lighter-pigmented, crescent-shaped area called the grey crescent, located exactly opposite to the point of sperm entry. It marks the future dorsal side of the embryo.

9. Both corpus luteum and macula lutea are:

A) Found in human ovaries
B) A source of hormones
C) Characterized by a yellow colour
D) Contributory in maintaining pregnancy

Answer: C

Reason: “Lutea” means yellow in Latin. The corpus luteum is a yellow glandular mass in the ovary formed after ovulation. The macula lutea is a yellowish oval spot at the center of the retina in the human eye. Therefore, both are characterized by their yellow color.

10. A cross section at the midpoint of the middle piece of a human sperm will show:

A) Centriole, mitochondria and 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
B) Centriole and mitochondria
C) Mitochondria and 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
D) 9+2 arrangement of microtubules only

Answer: C

Reason: The middle piece of a human sperm contains the axial filament (which has a typical flagellar 9+2 arrangement of microtubules) surrounded by a spirally coiled sheath of mitochondria (the mitochondrial spiral or Nebenkern), which provides energy for swimming.

11. Fertilization is:

A) Fusion of male and female gametes
B) Fission of male and female gametes
C) Formation of gametes
D) Formation of embryo

Answer: A

Reason: Fertilization (or syngamy) is specifically defined as the biological process where a haploid male gamete (sperm) and a haploid female gamete (ovum) fuse to form a diploid zygote.

12. Cleavage is:

A) Meiosis of zygote into blastomeres
B) Mitosis of zygote into blastomeres
C) Reductional division of zygote
D) Reductional division of embryo

Answer: B

Reason: Following fertilization, the zygote undergoes a series of rapid mitotic cell divisions. These divisions are called cleavage. They increase the number of cells (called blastomeres) without increasing the overall size or volume of the embryo.

13. How many phases (stages) are there in the menstrual cycle?

A) 2
B) 6
C) 4
D) 5

Answer: C

Reason: The human menstrual cycle is divided into 4 distinct phases: 1) Menstrual phase (bleeding), 2) Follicular or Proliferative phase (follicle development), 3) Ovulatory phase (release of the egg), and 4) Luteal or Secretory phase (corpus luteum formation).

14. Rapid secretion of LH in ovulation causes:

A) Rupturing of Graafian follicle
B) Releasing of ova
C) Ovulation
D) All of the above

Answer: D

Reason: The rapid spike in Luteinizing Hormone (LH surge) during the mid-cycle triggers the fully mature Graafian follicle to rupture. This rupturing process releases the secondary oocyte (ova) into the fallopian tube, an event collectively called ovulation. Thus, all options are correct aspects of the same event.

15. The phase of the menstrual cycle in humans that lasts for 7-8 days, is:

A) Follicular phase
B) Ovulatory phase
C) Luteal phase
D) Menstruation

Answer: A

Reason: While exact timing varies among women, typically: Menstruation lasts 3-5 days. The Luteal phase is a strict 14 days. Ovulation is a single event (~1 day). The Follicular (proliferative) phase covers the time between the end of menses and ovulation, typically from cycle day 6 to day 13 or 14, lasting approximately 7-8 days.

16. Correct sequence in development is:

A) Fertilization → zygote → cleavage → morula → blastula → gastrula
B) Fertilization → zygote → blastula → cleavage → gastrula
C) Fertilization → cleavage → morula → zygote → blastula
D) Cleavage → zygote → morula → zygote → blastula

Answer: A

Reason: The biological sequence is: Fertilization occurs, forming a single-celled zygote. The zygote undergoes cleavage (rapid division) to form a solid ball of cells called a morula. This hollows out to become a blastula (blastocyst in humans), which then undergoes massive cellular rearrangement to form the three germ layers in the gastrula stage.

17. Fertilization of ovum takes place in rabbit, man and other placental mammals in:

A) Ovary
B) Fallopian tube
C) Cervix
D) Uterus

Answer: B

Reason: In humans and other placental mammals, successful fertilization happens specifically in the ampullary-isthmic junction of the Fallopian tube (oviduct). The sperm swims up from the vagina/uterus to meet the egg here.

18. Placenta acts as an:

A) Endocrine gland
B) Exocrine gland
C) Apocrine gland
D) Merocrine gland

Answer: A

Reason: Aside from exchanging nutrients and waste, the placenta acts as a crucial temporary endocrine gland. It secretes hormones essential for maintaining the pregnancy, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, progesterone, and human placental lactogen (hPL).

19. Extraembryonic membranes, chorion and amnion are formed by:

A) Inner mass cells
B) Trophoblast
C) Both (a) and (b)
D) None of these

Answer: B

Reason: A blastocyst consists of an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast and an inner cell mass. The inner cell mass develops into the embryo proper, while the trophoblast layer gives rise to the extraembryonic membranes, specifically the chorion and amnion (in conjunction with extraembryonic mesoderm).

20. Extraembryonic membranes are also called:

A) Foetal membranes
B) Embryonic membranes
C) Outer membranes
D) Inner membranes

Answer: A

Reason: Extraembryonic membranes (amnion, chorion, yolk sac, allantois) develop alongside the embryo but do not become part of the adult organism’s body. Because they surround, protect, and nourish the developing fetus, they are collectively referred to as foetal membranes.

21. Capacitation of sperm occurs in:

A) Female genital tract
B) Vas deferens
C) Vas efferens
D) Vagina

Answer: A

Reason: Freshly ejaculated sperm are unable to fertilize an egg. They must undergo capacitation—a process where secretions in the female genital tract wash away inhibitory factors and cholesterol from the sperm’s head, making the membrane more permeable to calcium ions and resulting in hyperactive motility.

22. Temporary storage of sperms takes place in:

A) Vasa deferentia
B) Vasa efferentia
C) Epididymis
D) Rete testis

Answer: C

Reason: Immature sperm leave the testes and enter the highly coiled epididymis. Here, they spend days maturing and gaining motility. The tail portion of the epididymis acts as a temporary storage chamber until ejaculation.

23. The immediate cause of induction of ovulation in females is the large plasma surge of:

A) Progesterone
B) Oestradiol
C) LH
D) FSH

Answer: C

Reason: Around day 14 of a standard cycle, a massive and rapid release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary occurs. This “LH surge” is the immediate physiological trigger that causes the mature Graafian follicle to rupture and release the egg.

24. Which hormone level increases in the luteal phase?

A) LH
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) FSH

Answer: B

Reason: During the luteal phase (post-ovulation), the remnants of the ruptured follicle transform into a temporary endocrine structure called the corpus luteum. The primary function of the corpus luteum is to secrete high levels of progesterone to thicken and maintain the uterine lining for potential implantation.

25. Process of maturation and development of sperm is called:

A) Oogenesis
B) Spermatogenesis
C) Spermiogenesis
D) None of these

Answer: C

Reason: Spermatogenesis is the entire process of forming sperm from germ cells. However, spermiogenesis is the specific final maturation phase where non-motile, round spermatids physically transform into mature, motile, flagellated spermatozoa.

26. The collective term used for acrosomal chemicals is:

A) Sperm living
B) Sperm lysins
C) Pectinase
D) Cellulase

Answer:

B Reason: The acrosome (at the tip of the sperm head) acts like a modified lysosome. It contains a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes—such as hyaluronidase and acrosin—which are collectively called sperm lysins. These are essential for digesting the protective layers surrounding the ovum to allow penetration.

27. Which of the following structures are derivatives of the endoderm?

A) Alimentary canal and respiratory structure
B) Muscles and blood

Answer: A Reason: During embryonic development, the endoderm (innermost germ layer) gives rise to the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal) and the respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, lungs). In contrast, muscles and blood are derived from the mesoderm.

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