Are you preparing for NEET and looking for important MCQs from the chapter Organisms and Population? You’re in the right place! This chapter forms the foundation of Ecology and is frequently tested in NEET. Our carefully curated MCQs with answers and explanations are based on the latest NCERT Class 12 Biology syllabus. Download the free PDF and practice topic-wise questions covering concepts like adaptations, population growth, environmental factors, and interactions between organisms. Perfect for quick revision and self-assessment!
NEET Biology MCQs Organisms and Population – Sample
- When two related populations occupy geographically or spatially separate areas, they are called
a) Allopatric population b) Quantum population
c) Saltational population d) Parapatric population - The maximum growth rate occurs in
a) Stationary phase b) Senescent phase c) Lag phase d) Exponential phase - If 𝑏=65 and d is =45, 𝑁=100 than find out 𝑑𝑁/𝑑𝑡
a) 2000 b) 1000 c) 200 d) 100 - Interspecific interaction could be
a) Beneficial b) Detrimental c) Neutral d) All of these - I. The human liverfluke, a nematode parasite, depends on two intermediate hosts (snail and pig) to
complete its life cycle
II. The malaria parasite needs a vector (mosquito) to spread to other hosts
III. The female mosquito is not considered parasite, however it needs our blood for reproduction
IV. In case of brood parasitism, the eggs of parasitic birds (𝑒.𝑔.,cuckoo) are not detected and ejected from
the nest because of parasite’s eggs resemble the hosts eggs in morphology and colour
V. A population of frogs protected from all predators would increase indefinitely.
Which statements are correct?
a) I and II b) II and III c) III, IV and V d) I, II, III and IV - The relationship between the alga Microcystis and the surroundings fauna correspond to
a) Amensalism b) Parasitism c) Predation d) Exploitation - The logistic population growth model 𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑡=𝑟𝑁(𝐾−𝑁𝑁), describes a populations growth when an upper limit
to growth is assumed. This upper limit of growth is known as population …A… and as ′𝑁′ gets larger, 𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑡…B… - a) A-carrying capacity; B-decrease b) A-carrying capacity; B-increases
- c) A-reproductive fitness; B-increases d) A-reproductive fitness; B-decreases
- Climate is the
a) Average weather b) Dynamic weather c) Static weather d) None of these - Basic unit of ecological hierarchy is
a) Species b) genus c) Population d) Individual organism - Age pyramid 𝐴,𝐵 and 𝐶 indicates a) A-Expanding population, B-Stable population, C-Declining population
b) A-Expanding population, B-Declining population, C-Stable population
c) A-Stable population, B-Declining population, C-Expanding population
d) A-Declining population, B-Stable population, C-Expanding population - Population is the total number of
a) Interbreeding individuals of a species found in particular place
b) Interbreeding individuals of a species found in same geographical area
c) Interbreeding individuals of a species found in different geographical area
d) All of the above - Ecotype is
a) Equivalent to the ecotone and niche
b) Genetically distinct adapted population to a particular habitat of a species
c) Phenotypically adapted population to a particular habitat
d) All are correct statement regarding ecotype - American lakes visiting flamingoes and resident fishes compete for their common food …A… in the lake
resources …B… limiting for competition to occur; in interference competition, the feeding efficiency of one
species might be …C… due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species, even if resources
(food and space) are abundant
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-zooplankton, B-need to be, C-increased
b) A-zooplankton, B-need not be, C-reduced
c) A-phytoplankton, B-need to be, C-rReduced
d) A-phytoplankton, B-need to be, C-increased - Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called
a) Detritus b) Humus c) Standing state d) Standing crop - The term ‘Niche’ was first used by
a) Elements b) Grinnel c) Warming d) Odum - Which competition is more intense?
a) Intraspecific competition b) Interspecific competition
c) Both (a) and (b) d) Predation - Newly developed pathogens are more damaging to host because host are called
a) Distant pathogen b) Cronic pathogen
c) Instant pathogen d) Genetic improved pathogens - Find 𝑑𝑁/𝑑𝑡 for exponential growth for previous question
a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 - In the association between two organisms, if one organism is benefitted and the other is not benefitted, this
relationship is known as
a) Symbiotism b) Mutualism c) Commensalism d) parasitism - Ephemerals are xerophytes that are
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a) Drought resisting b) Drought enduring c) Drought escaping d) None of these
- Resource partitioning includes
a) Temporal partitioning b) Spatial partitioning
c) Morphological partitioning d) All of the above - The size of the clay particle is less than
a) 0.02 mm b) 0.002 mm c) 0.2 mm d) 2.0 mm - Major biomes of India includes
I. tropical rainforest II. Alpine region
III. deciduous forest IV. Desert
V. Himalayan region
VI. sea coast
Choose the correct combination for given question
a) I, III, IV and V b) I, II, III and IV c) II, III, IV and VI d) I, III, IV and VI - Plats which behave as mesophytes in rainy season and as xerophytes in summers are called
a) Xerophytes b) Mesophytes c) Trophophytes d) Phreatophytes - A species inhabiting different geographical area is known as
a) Allopatric b) Sympatric c) Biospecies d) Sibling species - The integral form of the exponential growth equation as 𝑁𝑡−𝑁0𝑒𝑟𝑡
A. Population density after time 𝑡
B. Population density at time zero
C. Intrinsic rate of natural increase
D. The base of natural logarithms (2.71828)
Identify A, B, C and D from the given equation
a) A-r, B-e, C-No, D-NE b) A-𝑁𝑡, B-No, C-r, D-e c) A-No, B-NE, C-r, D-e d) A-No, B-NE, C-e, D-r - A female fig wasp enters the syconium of a fig, pollinates the flowers and lays eggs in the ovaries of some
of the flowers. The young larvae grow up, eat (and kill) some, but not all of the seeds and complete their
life cycle.
The fig is completely dependent on fig wasps to pollinate its flowers and the fig wasp requires figs to
complete its life cycle
The interaction between figs and fig wasps has aspects of
I. mutualism
II. host-parasite interaction
III. competition
IV. ammensalism
V. protocooperation
Select the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) V and VI d) III and IV - Population growth curve in most animals, except humans is
a) S-shaped b) J-shaped c) J-shaped with tail d) S-shaped with tail - Nosema notabilis is an example for
a) Commensalism b) Symbiosis c) Ectoparasitism d) Hyperparasitism - Ecosystem is the interaction of
a) Species with environment b) Individual with environment
c) Biological community with environment d) All of the above - Populations evolve to maximise their reproductive fitness are also called
a) Mendel’s fitness b) Darwinian fitness c) Lamarck’s fitness d) Individual fitness - Ecologist say that niche is like a species …A…, while habitat is like a …B… there A and B indicate
a) A-education; B-occupation b) A-appearance; B-physiology
c) A-occupation; B-address d) A-physiology; B-anatomy - Population interactions
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Organism A Organism B Name of interaction
- + Mutualism
− − A - − Predation
- − B
- 0 Commensalism
− 0 C
‘+’ sign for beneficial interaction
‘−’ sign for harmful (detrimental) interaction
‘0’ sing for neutral interaction
Find out what could be 𝐴,𝐵 and 𝐶
a) A-Amensalism, B-Parasitism, C-Competition b) A-Competition, B-Parasitism, C-Amensalism
c) A-Competition, B-Amensalism, C-Parasitism d) A-Amensalism, B-Competition, C-Competition
- Individual alive at the beginning of 1 year to 2 year age interval is 800. During this interval 200 individual
die. Then find out the death rate
a) 200 b) 800 c) 0.4 d) 0.25 - Temperature is very significant to the living beings because of
a) Kinetics of locomotion depends on temperature
b) Kinetics of enzymes depends on temperature
c) High temperature facilitates digestion
d) Low temperature facilitates digestion - Mycorrhiza is a mutualistics association of plants root with fungi. The association occurs in
a) 83% dicots b) 79% monocots
c) Nearly all gymnosperm d) All of these - Autecology is the study of relationship between
a) Population and its environment b) Communities and its geographical area
c) Ecosystem and its environment d) None of the above - Soil has five components. The proportions of different components are
Mine-
ral
Matter
Orga
nic
Matter
Soil
Mois
ture
Soil
Atmos
phere
Soil-
Organ-
ism a) 40% 10% 25% 25% Vari-
able
b) 40% 10% 25% 25% 10%
c) 40% 10% 35% 15% 10%
d) 30% 20% 25% 25% 10%
- ‘Cryptically-coloured’ (camouflaged) is a technique through which prey can
a) Feed abundantly b) Lessen the impact of predator
c) Increase their number d) Increase their reproductive fitness - Competition for light, nutrients and space is most severe between
a) Closely related plants growing in different area
b) Closely related plants growing in same area
c) Distantly related plants growing in same habitat
d) Distantly related plants growing in same habitat - Many parasites have evolved to be …A… in such a way that both host and the parasite tend to …B… that is,
if the host evolves special mechanisms for rejecting or resisting the parasite, the parasite has to evolve
mechanisms to …C… and neutralize them, in order to be successful with the same host species
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-host-specific, B-evolve, C-counteract b) A-host-specific, B-coevolve, C-counteract
c) A-source specific, B-coevolve, C-counteract d) A-source specific, B-evolve, C-counteract - In the given figure, identify coniferous forest, Arctic alpine tundra and tropical forest respectively
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a) I, VI and III b) V, VI and III c) IV, III and I d) I, II and III
- The change in population size at a given time interval t, is given by the expression
Nt=N0+B+I−D−E
I, B and D stand respectively for
a) rate of immigration, mortality rate, natality rate
b) rate of immigration, natality rate, rate of emigration
c) mortality rate, natality rate, rate of immigration
d) rate of immigration, natality rate, mortality rate - Which of the following is true regarding exponential growth?
a) No population can grow exponential for long
b) Exponential growth slows down as the population nears its log phase
c) Bacterial colonies have been observed to maintain exponential growth always
d) Exponential growth is a commonly observed in large, slow-growing species such as humans and
elephants - Mycorrhizal represents an intimate mutualistic relationship between
a) Fungi and stem of higher plants b) Fungi and roots of higher plants
c) Fungi and leaves of higher plants d) Fungi and leaflets of higher plants - If in a pond there are 20 lotus plants of last year and through reproduction 8 new plants are added. Then
the birth rate is
a) 0.8 offspring per lotus per year b) 0.2 offspring per lotus per year
c) 0.4 offspring per lotus per year d) 0.6 offspring per lotus per year - Any species growing …A… growing under unlimited resource conditions can reach enormous population
densities in a short time. Darwin showed how even …B… growing animal like elephant could reach
enormous numbers in absence of check and that characteristics of organism is called C
Choose the correct option for A, B or C respectively
a) A-logistically, B-fast, C-carrying capacity b) A-logistically, B-slow, C-biotic potential
c) A-exponential, B-slow, C-biotic potential d) A-exponential, B-fast, C-biotic potential - July 11th is observed as
a) World population day b) No tobacco day
c) World environment day d) World health day - Light is
a) Visible part of electromagnetic spectrum
b) Non- visible part of electromagnetic spectrum
c) IR part of electromagnetic spectrum
d) UV part of electromagnetic spectrum - Pedology refers to study of
a) Soil b) Water c) Population d) Fossils - Identify the lines present in the given graph 𝐴,𝐵 and 𝐶
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a) A-Partial regulators, B-Regulators, C-Endotherms
b) A-Partial regulators, B-Ectotherms, C-Endotherms
c) A-Partial regulators, B-Regulators, C-Conformes
d) A-Conformers, B-Ectotherms, C-Partial regulators
- Submerged hydrophytes show
a) stomata b) Abundant air sacs
c) Well developed mechanical tissue d) Secondary growth - Under a particular set of selection pressure, organisms evolve towards the most …A… reproductive
strategy. Some organisms breed only …B… in lifetime while others breed …C… in life time
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-efficient, B-once, C-many b) A-efficient, B-many, C-once
c) A-deficient, B-many, C-once d) A-deficient, B-once, C-many - Weather is the
a) Long term property of the atmosphere b) Short term property of the atmosphere
c) Unchanged property of climate d) Unknown property of climate - Sea plants are an example of
a) Xerophyte b) mesophyte c) hydrophyte d) Submerged plant - Halophytes are
a) Fire-resistant b) Cold-resistant c) Salt-resistant d) Sand-loving - Adaptation may be
a) Morphological b) Physiological c) Behavioural d) All of these - …A… regulators are able to maintain homeostasis by means which ensures constant body temperature,
constant osmotic concentration, etc. All …B… and …C…. and is very few lower vertebrate and invertebrate
species are indeed capable of such regulation (thermoregulation and osmoregulation)
Evolutionary biologists believe that the ‘success’ of mammals is largely due to their ability to maintain a
constant body …D… and thrive whether they live in Antarctica or in the Sahara desert
Choose the correct option for A, B, C and D
a) A-Behavioural, B-vertebrates, C-invertebrates, D-temperature
b) A-Behavioural, B-bird, C-mammals, D-temperature
c) A-Physiological, B-bird, C-mammals, D-temperature
d) A-Behavioural, B-vertebrates, C-invertebrates, D-morphology - The physiological capacity to produce offsprings is called
a) Birth rate b) Biotic potential c) Crude natality d) Mortality - How many horizons are present in the soil profile?
a) Two zones b) Only one zone c) Three zone d) Four zone - In … phase population adopt itself to new environment and starts to increase its number
a) Log phase b) Lag phase c) Decline phase d) Stationary phase - The association of animals when both partners are benefitted is
a) Commensalism b) Amensalism c) Mutualism d) parasitism - Factors which determine to the large extent the vegetation of any area are
I. pH of soil
II. mineral composition of the soil
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III. water holding capacity of soil
IV. weather condition
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) II and III c) I, II and III d) I, II, III and IV
- The most ecologically relevant environmental factor
a) Soil b) Water c) Temperature d) Light - The closely related morphologically similar sympatric population, but reproductively isolated are
designated as
a) Demes b) Clones c) Sibling species d) clines - Term ‘ecology’ was given by
a) Reiter b) Cuvier c) Haeckel d) Malthus - Regulators are also called
a) Endotherms b) Exotherms c) Ectotherms d) Either (b) or (c) - Diapause is
a) Stage of development b) Stage of suspended development
c) Stage of delayed morphology d) Rapid developmental stage - The population of an insect species shows an explosive increase in numbers during rainy season followed
by its disappearance at the end of the season. What does this show?
a) S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect
b) The food plants mature and die at the end of rainy season
c) Its population growth curve is of J-type
d) The population of its predators increases enormously - Which of the following is categorised as a parasite in true sense?
a) Koel (cuckoo) b) Housefly c) Human foetus d) Head louse - Ratio between mortality and natality is called
a) Population ratio b) Vitla index c) Density coefficient d) Census ratio - Behavioural adaptation to environment in desert lizards are
I. Burrowing soil
II. Losing heat during high temperature
III. Active during morning and evening
IV. Insulating body due to thick fatty dermis
Select the correct pair
a) I and III b) III and IV c) I and II d) II and IV - Commensalism is the interaction in which
a) One species benefits and other is neither harmed nor benefitted
b) One species do not benefits and other is harmed
c) One species do not benefits and other is not harmed
d) One species benefits and other is also benefitted - Why a population fluctuate when it reaches to carrying capacity?
a) Due to limiting factors b) Due to exponential growth
c) Due to unlimited natural resources d) Due to increased reproductive rate - Niche overlap indicates
a) Active cooperation between two species
b) Two different parasites on the same host
c) Sharing of one or more resources between the two species
d) Mutualism between two species - Small fish get stuck near the bottom of a shark and derives its nutrition from it. This kind of association is
called as
a) Antibiosis b) Commensalism c) Predation d) parasitism - Find out the population density when 𝑁 is 1000 and 𝑆 is 100 m2
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a) 10 b) 100 c) 1 d) 1000
- Temperature decreases progressively from the
a) Equator towards the poles b) Poles towards the equator
c) Plain towards mountain d) Both (a) and (c) - A population growing in a habitat with limited resources shows four phases of growth
in the following sequence
a) Acceleration-Deceleration -Lag phase-Asymptote
b) Asymptote- Acceleration-Deceleration -Lag phase
c) Lag phase- Acceleration-Deceleration- Asymptote
d) Acceleration- Lag phase- Deceleration- Asymptote - Photosynthetically Active Region (PAR) have the electromagnetic region of
a) 300-700 nm b) 400-700 nm c) 200-700 nm d) 300-600 nm - Population density is the population per unit
a) Area b) Land area c) Water area d) Desert area - Which of the following is inappropriately defined?
I. Host is an organism which provides only food, shelter to another organism
II. Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefitted, whereas the other is unaffected
III. Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for food of same species
IV. Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of other organism and may kill it
Select the correct option
a) I and II b) III and IV c) I, II, III and IV d) I, III and IV - 5th June is celebrated as
a) Water day b) World environment day
c) Conservation day d) World earth day - Radiation below the visible range are called
a) UV b) IR c) Both (a) and (b) d) Radiowaves - Characters of a population
I. Proportion of reproductive age group is higher than the individuals in pre-reproductive age group
II. Number of post-reproductive individuals are moderate
III. Declining or diminishing population
Above characters shown indicates which type of age pyramid?
a) Bell-shaped age pyramid b) Triangular age pyramid
c) Sphere-shaped age pyramid d) Urn-shaped age pyramid - Competition of species leads to
a) extinction b) Mutation
c) Greater number of niches are formed d) symbiosis - Model is
a) The species which mimic b) Object to which mimic resemble
c) Both (a) and (b) d) Neither (a) nor (b) - Census is
a) Official counting of population b) Individual counting of population
c) Individual counting of males only d) Individual counting of females only - In bacteria, fungi and lower plants, various of thick-walled …A… are formed, which help them to survive
…B… conditions-these germinate on availability of suitable environment. In higher plants …C… and some
other vegetative reproductive structures serve as means to tide over periods of stress besides helping in
dispersal-they germinate to form new plants under favourable moisture and temperate conditions
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-Spores, B-Unfavourable, C-Seeds b) A-Seeds, B-Unfavourable, C-Spores
c) A-Seeds, B-Favorable, C-Spores d) A-Spore, B-Favourable, C-Seeds - Biotic community is the assemblage of populations of
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a) Same species which live in particular area
b) Different species which live in particular area
c) Different species which live in different area
d) Same species which live in different area
- Ecology is the branch of biology which deals with interaction between
a) Organisms and their environment b) Organisms only
c) Human and other organisms d) Human and their environment - Life history traits of organisms have evolved in relation to the constraints imposed by which components
of habitat
a) Organic components b) Abiotic components c) Biotic components d) Both (b) and (c) - I. Salt concentration (parts par thousand) in sea water is …A…
II. Salt concentration (parts per thousand) in hypersaline water is …B…
Choose the correct option for A and B
a) A–30-35%; B–>1000% b) A–>100%; B–30-35%
c) A–>100%; B–<10% d) A–<10%; B–<10% - B-horizon is also called
a) Top soil region b) Below soil region c) Sub-soil region d) Upper soil region - The birth and death rates of four countries are given below. Which one will have the least population
growth rate?
Country Birth rate
/ 1000
Death
/ 1000
M
N
O
P
15
25
35
48
5
10
18
41 a) P b) O c) N d) M - Plant grows best in the
I. acidic soil
II. basic soil
III. neutral soil
IV. slightly acidic soil
Choose the correct combination
a) I and II b) II and III c) III and IV d) I and III - When food and space for a population are unlimited?
I. Each species has the ability to realize fully its inherited potential to grow
II. Then it is equal to 𝑑𝑁/𝑑𝑡=𝑑𝑁
III. It is described by J-shaped curve
IV. It is described by S-shaped curve
V. Than it has greater intrinsic rate for resources
VI. There are more competition among themself
Choose the incorrect statements
a) I, II and III b) II, IIII and IV c) IV and VI d) IV, V and VI - Photosynthesis in 𝑂𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎 is done by
a) Leaves b) Stem c) Roots d) Shoot - Choose the incorrect statements
a) Parasite might render the host more vulnerable to predation by making it physically weak
b) Majority of the parasites harm the host and reduce the population density
c) Ideal parasite should be able to thrive with in host without harming it
d) Malarial parasite does not need a vector (mosquito) to spread to other host - Pollination is an example of
a) Mutualism b) Protocooperation c) Synergism d) Commensalism
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- Root cap is not found in
a) Mesophytes b) Xerophytes c) Hydrophytes d) Halophytes - Which model is considered a more realistic one?
a) Logistic model b) Exponential model c) Geometric model d) J-shaped model - Salt concentration (parts par thousand) is less than 5% in
a) Sea water b) Inland water c) Hypersaline water d) Freshwater - An interaction favourable to both population, but no obligatory to either is
a) Proto-cooperation b) Mutualism c) Commensalism d) Parasite - Phenomenal and rapid increase of population in a short period is called
a) Natural increase b) Population growth c) Population explosion d) None of these - Life on earth originated in
a) Air b) Water c) Soil d) All of these - The soil with poorest water holding capacity is
a) Clay b) Loam c) Sandy d) None of these - Differentiation of various tissue and organs in response to light is called
a) Morphogenesis b) Photomorphogenesis
c) Organogenesis d) Embryogenesis - In a population, unrestricted reproductive capacity is called
a) Biotic potential b) Fertility c) Carrying capacity d) Birth rate - Level of competition between species depends on
I. availability of resources
II. population density
III. group interaction of organism
Choose the correct combination
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - Concept of mimicry was given by …A…
Father of Indian Plant Ecology …B…
Term ‘ecology’ coined by …C…
Here A, B and C refers to
a) A-Haeckel, B-Ramdev Mishra, C-Reiter
b) A-HW Bates, B-Ramdev Mishra, C-Ernst Haeckel
c) A-HW Bates, B-Birbal Sahani, C-Ernst Haeckel
d) A-HW Bates, B-Birbal Sahani, C-Reiter - Partial regulators are the organism which
a) Can regulate body temperature to larger extent of environmental condition
b) Can regulate body temperature to limited extent of environmental condition
c) Can regulate body temperature only over a limited range of environmental condition
d) None of above - Which is the characteristics of desert plant adaptation?
a) Thick cuticle on their leaf surface b) Stomata arranged in deep pits
c) Stomata remain closed during day d) All of the above - A population growing in a habitat with …A… resources show initially a …B… phase, followed by phase of
acceleration and deceleration and finally an asymptote, when the population density reaches the …C… .
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-limited, B-lag phase, C-carrying capacity
b) A-limited, B-stationary phase, C-carrying capacity
c) A-unlimited, B-lag phase, C-carrying capacity
d) A-unlimited, B-log phase, C-carrying capacity - Graph 𝐴 and 𝐵 indicates
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a) A-Logistic growth; B-Exponential growth b) A-Exponential growth; B-Logistic growth
c) A-Geometric growth; B-Logistic growth d) Either (b) or (c)
- Altitude sickness is
a) Genotypic adaptation b) Phenotypic adaptation
c) Physiological adaptation d) Cold hardening - Plants grown on sandy soil, are grouped under
a) Lithophytes b) Psammophytes c) Hydrophytes d) Xerophytes - Ecology is basically concerned with how many levels?
a) One b) Three c) Four d) Five - An unrestricted reproductive capacity is called
a) Birth rate b) Biotic potential c) Carrying capacity d) Fertility - Asymptome stage of the population is the stage of population in which the population is
a) Changing b) Decreasing c) Increasing d) Stabilised - Conformers are inactive in adverse conditions due to
a) Inability to move b) Inability to digest property
c) Inability to maintain homeostasis d) Ability to maintain homeostasis - 𝑑𝑁/𝑑𝑡=𝑟𝑁(𝐾−𝑁
𝐾 )
A – Population density at time 𝑡
B – Intrinsic rate of natural increase
C – Carrying capacity
Identify A, B and C from given equation
A B C
a) N K r b) N r K c) K N r d) K r N - A secondary compound are the part of the plants
a) Normal metabolism b) Secondary metabolism
c) Evolution d) Genetic difference - The plants that grow on saline soils with high concentration of NaCl2,MgSO4 and MgCl2 are called
a) Succulents b) Mesophytes c) Xerophytes d) Halophytes - Age structure of a population influences population growth because
a) Different ago group have different reproductive capabilities
b) Different age group have same reproductive capabilities
c) More young individual indicate decreasing population
d) All of the above - Choose the wrong statements
I. Two species may not live in same habitat
II. The more dissimilar the niches of two species the stronger is their competition
III. Two species can occupy the same niche in geographical area
IV. No two species may occupy the same ecosystem
The correct option is
a) I, II and III b) II, III and IV c) I, II, III and IV d) III and IV - For better survival of the human population, which of the following steps is most important?
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a) Reduction in the use of various resources b) Afforestation
c) Conservation of wild life d) Ban on mining activity
- Photosynthetic yield is maximum at the
a) Equator region b) Polar region c) Both (a) and (b) d) Arid region - No population of any species in nature has its disposal …A… resources to permit exponential growth. This
leads to competition between individuals for …B… resources. Eventually, the …C… individual will survive
and reproduce.
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-limited, B-limited, C-fittest b) A-limited, B-unlimited, C-fittest
c) A-unlimited, B-limited, C-fittest d) A-unlimited, B-unlimited, C-fittest - Schimper’s second low related to
a) Local distribution of plants
b) Geographical distribution of plants
c) Geographical distribution of animals
d) Geographical distribution of animals and plants - Which of the following statements regarding species interdependence are true?
I. An Association of two species where one is benefitted and other remains unaffected
is called mutualism.
II. An interspecific association where both partners derive benefit from each other is
called commensalism.
III. A direct food relation between two species of animals in which one animal kills and
feeds on another is referred as predation.
IV. A relationship between two species of organisms where both are partners are
benefitted from each other is called symbiosis.
a) I and II only b) III and IV only c) I and III only d) II and III only - Organisms which breed only once in their lifetime
a) Pacific salmon fish b) Bamboo c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these - In a population, the condition at which the rate of addition of new members is more than the rate of
individuals lost indicates
a) Zero population growth b) Exponential growth
c) Fluctuating growth d) Declining growth - In the absence of an external source of water, Kangaroo rat in North American desert is capable of meeting
all its water requirements through
a) Internal fat oxidation b) Taking liquid food
c) Reducing his activities d) Hibernation - Even a plant species, which makes its own food, cannot survive alone; it needs soil microbes to breakdown
the …A… matter in soil and return the …B…. nutrients for absorption. And then, how will the plant manage
pollination without an animal agent? It is obvious that in nature, animals, plants and microbes cannot live
in …C… but interact in various ways to form a biological community
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-inorganic, B-organic, C-isolation b) A-organic, B-inorganic, C-isolation
c) A-organic, B-inorganic, C-community d) A-inorganic, B-organic, C-community - The growth of a population without limit at its maximal rate and also that, rates of immigration and
emigration are equal, then it is called
a) Carrying capacity b) Biotic potential c) Positive growth d) Negative growth - Which of the following characters explain the bell-shaped curve?
a) The number of pre-reproductive individual equal to the number of reproductive individual
b) Past reproductive individual are comparatively few
c) Growth is zero
d) All of the above
Page| 13
- Carrying capacity is the capacity of
a) Habitat that has resources to sustain certain number of individuals
b) Population to reproduce and competitiveness
c) Population to reproduce
d) Individuals to fit among the natural environment - In which regions of the world are hot deserts located?
a) Equator and Tropic of cancer b) Equator and tropic of Capricorn
c) Polar region d) Tropic of cancer and Tropic of Capricorn - Population density of a population in a given habitat during a given period fluctuates due to change in
a) Natality and mortality b) Immigration
c) Emigration d) All of these - Statements
I. Recent studies support competition as suggested in ‘Gauses’s Competitive Exclusion Principle’
II. Gause’s hypothesis says if two species compete for same resources then one will be eliminated by
another species
III. More recent studies point out that species facing competition might evolve mechanisms that promote
co-existence rather than exclusion
IV. Gause’s competitive exclusion principle is effective when resources are in excess
V. Unlimited resources give better opportunity for adaptation
Choose the correct combination of statements
a) I, II and III b) II, III and IV c) III, IV and V d) I, IV and V - Different organism are adapted to their environment in terms of not only survival but also reproduction.
This statement belongs to
a) Physiological ecology b) Species ecology c) Population ecology d) All of these - Which determines the flora and fauna of a place?
a) Weather b) Climate c) Both (a) and (b) d) Habitat - Eurythermals are the organism which
a) Can tolerate wide range of temperature b) Can tolerate low range of temperature
c) Cannot tolerate low range of temperature d) Cannot tolerate wide range of temperature - Plants growing on sand and gravel are called
a) Eremophytes b) Psammophytes c) Psilophytes d) Oxylophytes - In aquatic environment the types of benthic animals are determined by
a) Type of water b) Type of sediment characteristics
c) Light availability d) Nutrient availability - The growth rate of a population stabilizes after
a) Logarithmic phase b) Stationary phase
c) Carrying capacity d) Negative acceleration phase - Why exotic species become invasive sometime and starts spreading fast because of
a) Natural predators b) Abundant natural competitor
c) Invaded land does not have its natural predators d) Mutation in their genome - In commensalism
a) Both partners are harmed
b) Weaker partner is benefitted
c) Both partners are benefitted
d) None of the partners is benefitted - Bell-shaped age pyramid indicates that
a) Number of pre-reproductive and reproductive individual is almost equal
b) Post-reproductive individuals are comparatively fewer
c) The population size remains stable
d) All of the above
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