Biotechnology is the branch of biology that uses living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop products and technologies for human welfare. The core principles of modern biotechnology involve genetic engineering (altering the genetic material of organisms) and bioprocess engineering (maintaining sterile conditions for the growth of desired microbes).
NEET MCQs Biotechnology Principles and Processes
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- First hormone prepared by genetic engineering is:
a) Insulin b) Oxytocin c) Adrenaline d) Somatotropin - Retroviruses in animals including humans are able to change normal cells into
a) Germ cell b) Cancerous cells c) Cosmid d) Vector - The restriction enzyme responsible for the cleavage of following sequence is
5′−G−T−C−G−A−C−3′
3′−C−A−G−C−T−G−5′
a) Alu I b) Bam HI c) Hind II d) Eco RI - pBR322 was the first artificial cloning vector developed in …A… by …B… and …C… from 𝐸.𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖 plasmid.
Here A, B and C can be
a) A-1976, B-Boliver, C-Rodriquez b) A-1975, B-Tiselius, C-Rodriquez
c) A-1977, B-Boliver, C-Rodriquez d) A-1978, B-HO Smith, C-KW Wileox - Transfer of any gene into a completely different organism can be done through
a) Genetic engineering b) Tissue culture c) Transformation d) None of these - An environmental agent that triggers transcription from an operon is a:
a) Depressor b) Inducer c) Regulator d) Controlling element - Recombinant DNA have integrated fragment of
a) Antibiotic resistant gene b) Diseases resistant gene
c) Allergy resistant gene d) All of these - In plants, the tumour inducing plasmid (Ti) of 𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠 is used as a cloning vector.
This statement is
a) True b) False
c) Sometimes (a) and sometimes (b) d) Neither (a) nor (b) - If recombinant DNA carrying antibiotic resistance (𝑒.𝑔., ampicillin) is transferred into 𝐸.𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖 cell, the host
cell is transformed into ampicillin-resistant cells. The ampicillin resistant gene in this case is called a
a) Vectors b) Plasmid c) Selectable marker d) Cloning sites - Boviene spongiform encephalopathy disease is equal to:
a) Kala Azar b) Parkinson’s disease
c) Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease d) None of the above - Known sequence of DNA that is used to find complementary DNA strand is:
a) Vector b) Plasmid c) DNA probe d) Recombinant DNA - Proteins are removed by treatment with
a) Ribonuclease b) Chitinase c) Cellulase d) Protease - Which of the following key factors, makes plasmid, the vector in genetic engineering?
a) It is resistant to antibiotics b) It is resistant to restriction enzymes
c) Its ability to carry a foreign gene d) Its ability to cause infection in the host - I. 𝑂𝑟𝑖 also controls the copy numbers of the linked DNA
II. If a foreign DNA ligates at the 𝐵𝑎𝑚 HI site of tetracycline resistance gene in the vector pBR322, the
recombinant plasmid loses the tetracycline resistance due to insertion of foreign DNA
Choose regarding the above statements
a) I is true, II is false b) II is true, I is false c) Both are true d) Both are false - When scientists make an animal superior by view of genotype, introducing some foreign genes in it, the
phenomenon is called:
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a) Tissue culture b) Biotechnology c) Genetic engineering d) Immunisation
- Many copies of a DNA molecule in a test tube are produced by:
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) b) Molecular chain reaction (MCR)
c) Ephemeral chain reaction (ECR) d) All of them - Producing a ‘giant mouse’ in the laboratory was possible through:
a) Gene mutation b) Gene duplication c) Gene synthesis d) Gene manipulation - Downstream process includes
I. Separation of the product from the reactor
II. Purification of the product
III. Formation of the product with suitable preservatives
IV. Quality control testing and clinical trials in case of drugs
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) I, II and III b) I, II and IV c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV - More advancement in genetic engineering is due to
a) Restriction endonuclease b) Reverse transcription
c) Protease d) Zymase - Plasmid are suitable vectors for gene cloning because
a) These are small circular DNA molecules, which can integrate with host chromosomal DNA
b) These are small circular DNA molecules with their own replication origin site
c) These can shuttle between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d) These often carry antibiotic resistance genes - Polymerase chain reaction is useful in
a) DNA synthesis b) DNA amplification
c) Protein synthesis d) Amino acid synthesis - Study the following diagram and identify 𝐴,𝐵 and 𝐶 a) A-Taq polymerase, B-Denaturation at 94℃, C-Primer
b) A-Denaturation at 94℃, B-Taq polymerase, C-Primer
c) A-Primer, B-Denaturation at 94℃, C-Taq polymerase
d) A-Taq polymerase, B-Extension, C-Transformation - A bioreactor is
a) Hybridoma b) Culture containing radioactive isotopes
c) Culture for synthesis of new chemicals d) Fermentation tank - Which of the following techniques can be used to detect genetic disorders in human?
a) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Spectroscopy d) All of the above - Special sequence in the DNA recognized by restriction endonuclease is called
a) Restriction nucleotide sequence b) Palindromic nucleotide sequence
c) Recognition nucleotide sequence d) All of the above - Primers are
a) Small chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of about 10-18 nucleotides that are complementary to
the region of template DNA
b) Chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of about 10-18 nucleotides that are not complementary to the
region of template DNA
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c) The double-stranded DNA that need to the amplified
d) Specific sequences present on recombinant DNA
- This method of finding a gene is used when researchers very little about the gene they are trying to find.
This process results in a complete gene library : a collection of copies of DNA fragments that represent the
entire genome of an organism. Identify the method
a) Cloning b) Shotgun cloning c) Gene synthesis d) Cloning - Consider the following statement about PCR
I. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique of synthesizing multiple copies of the desired gene in
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�𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜
II. This technique was developed by Kary Mullis in 1985
III. A single PCR amplification cycle involves three basic steps; denaturation, annealing and extension
Which of the statement given above are correct?
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - A somatic plant cell has potential to develop into a full plant. This is called:
a) Totipotency b) Gene cloning c) Tissue culture d) Regeneration - 𝑂𝑟𝑖 is a DNA sequence that is responsible for initiating replication. This statement is
a) True b) False
c) Sometimes (a) and sometimes (b) d) Neither (a) nor (b) - Plasmids are autonomously replicating circular extrachromosomal DNA. This statement is
a) True b) False
c) Sometimes (a) and sometimes (b) d) Neither (a) nor (b) - Genetic engineering is possible because:
a) The phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood
b) We can see DNA by electron microscope
c) We can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNA ase I
d) Restriction endonucleases purified form bacteria can be used in vitro - A single PCR amplification cycle involves
a) Denaturation b) Annealing c) Extension d) All of these - DNA fingerprinting is related to:
a) Molecular analysis of profiles of DNA samples
b) Analysis of DNA samples using imprinting devices
c) Techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of DNA
d) Techniques used in identification of fingerprints of different persons - The basic of DNA fingerprinting is:
a) The double helix b) Errors in base sequence
c) Polymorphism in sequence d) DNA replication - In genetic engineering, the terms vector is applied for:
a) Plasmid b) Sources of DNA c) Cell which receives d) Virus - Which of the following are used to gene cloning?
a) Nucleoids b) Chromosomes c) Mesosomes d) Plasmid - The process that preserves the distribution of DNA fragments in the gel while creating replica on the filter
is one of the following
a) Directed sequencing of BAC counting b) Random shotgun sequencing
c) Electrophoresis d) Southern blotting - Two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophages in 𝐸.𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖 were isolated. One was
methylase and other was restriction endonuclease. What is the significance of methylase?
a) Protection of host DNA from the action of restriction endonuclease by adding methyl group to one or
two bases usually with in the sequence recognized by restriction enzyme
b) Able to ligate the two cohesive ends of DNA molecule
c) Able to remove the methyl group and hence, prevent the action of restriction endonuclease on host DNA
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d) Able to cut the DNA of bacteriophage at specific sites
- Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other DNA molecules are called
a) Primer b) STRs c) RFLPs d) Probes - Which of the following enzyme is used in genetic engineering?
a) Translocase b) Topoisomerase
c) DNAse d) Restriction endonuclease - The below diagram refer to PCR. Identify the steps 𝐴,𝐵 and 𝐶 and select the correct option a) A-Denaturation of 94-96℃, B-Annealing of 40-60℃, C-Extension through taq polymerase at 72℃, D
Amplified
b) A-Annealing of 94-96℃, B-Denaturation of 40-60℃, C-Extension through taq polymerase at 72℃, D
Amplified
c) A-Extension through taq polymerase at 40-60℃, B-Amplified, C-Denaturation of 40-60℃, D-Annealing
of 94-96℃
d) A-Annealing, B-Extension through taq polymerase at 40-60℃, C-Denaturation of 94-96℃, D-Annealing
of 40-60℃ - The controlled use of biological agents, such as microorganism, plants or animal cell, for beneficial use is
called
a) Biochemistry b) Molecular biology c) Biotechnology d) Microbiology - Humulin is a:
a) Pig insulin b) Human insulin c) Viral insulin d) Human clone - Find the incorrect statement:
a) Gene therapy is a genetic engineering technique used to treat disease at molecular level by replacing
defective genes with normal genes
b) Calcitonin is a medically useful recombinant product in the treatment of infertility
c) Bt toxin is a biodegradable insecticide obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis
d) Trichoderma sp. is a biocontrol agent for fungal diseases of plants - Plasmids are extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules:
a) Which have their own point of replication and can replicate independently
b) Which have their own point of replication but cannot replicate independently
c) Which do not have their own point of replication and cannot replicate independent of bacterial of
bacterial chromosomal DNA
d) None of the above - The genome map was produced under human genome project in:
a) 1992 b) 1994 c) 1996 d) 2000 - Term hybridoma implies:
a) DNA-RNA hybrid b) Recombination of DNA molecules
c) Somatic hybridisation d) Genetic fusion - Which of the following is a difficulty in getting prokaryotic cells to express eukaryotic genes?
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a) The signals that control gene expression are different and prokaryotic promoter regions must be added
to the vector
b) The genetic code differs between the two because prokaryotes substitute the base uracil for thymine
c) Prokaryotic cells cannot transcribe introns because their genes do not have them
d) The ribosomes of prokaryotes are not large enough to handle long eukaryotic genes
- In transgenics, the expression of transgene in the target tissue is known by:
a) Enhancer b) Transgene c) Promoter d) Reporter - Identify 𝐴,𝐵,𝐶 and 𝐷 in the given diagram of 𝐸.𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖 cloning vector pBR322 a) A-Eco RI, B-Bam HI, C-Ori, D-𝑎𝑚𝑝R b) A- 𝑎𝑚𝑝R, B- Ori, C-Bam HI, D-Eco RI
c) A-Ori, B-Bam HI, C-Eco RI, D-𝑎𝑚𝑝R d) A-Bam HI, B-Eco RI, C- 𝑎𝑚𝑝R, D-Ori - Consider the following statements
I. In microinjection method foreign DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of animal cell or plant cell by
using micro needles or micro pipettes
II. Microinjection method is used in oocytes, eggs and embryo
III. Electroporation is the formation of temporary pores in the plasma membrane of host cell by using
lysozyme or calcium chloride
IV. In chemical mediated gene transfer method certain chemicals such as CO2 help foreign DNA to enter the
host cell
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) I and II b) I, II and III c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV - The construction of the first recombinant DNA was done by using the native plasmid of:
a) 𝐸.𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖 b) 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚
c) 𝐵.𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛g𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 d) Yeast - Gene amplification using primers can be done by
a) Microinjection b) ELISA
c) Polymerase chain reaction d) Gene gun - Polyethylene glycol method is used for
a) Biodiesel production b) Seedless fruit production
c) Energy production from sewage d) Gene transfer without a vector - The enzymes, commonly used in genetic engineering are
a) Restriction endonuclease and polymerase b) Endonuclease and ligase
c) Restriction endonuclease and ligase d) Ligase and polymerase - Which one of the following techniques had helped to solve many mysteries involving murders, robberies
and rapes?
a) Gene splicing b) Computer technology
c) DNA fingerprinting d) Gene cloning - Consider the following statements
I. Recombinant DNA technology popularly known as genetic engineering is a stream of biotechnology
which deals with the manipulation of genetic material by man 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜
II. pBR322 is the first artificial cloning vector developed in 1977 by Boliver and Rodriquez from 𝐸.𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖
plasmid
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III. Restriction enzymes belongs to a class of enzymes called nucleases
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III
- What is C-DNA?
a) Circular DNA
b) Cloned DNA
c) DNA produced from reverse transcription of RNA
d) Cytoplasmic DNA - PCR was developed by …A… in …B… and for this he received Nobel Prize for chemistry in …C… . Here A, B
and C can be recognized as
A B C
a) Kary Mulllis 1990 1997 b) Flemming 1985 1993
c) Kary Mullis 1985 1993 d) Flemming 1990 1997 - Cutting of a piece of DNA from a plasmid was done with the help of …A… enzymes, popularly known as
…B… . Here A and B can be
a) A-Tu ligases; B-Molecular glu b) A-Restriction enzyme; B-Molecular scissors
c) A-Joining enzyme; B-Molecular glu d) A-DNA polymerases; B-Synthesising enzymes - In a genetic engineering experiment, restriction enzymes can be used for
a) Bacterial DNA only b) Viral DNA only
c) Any DNA fragment d) Eukaryotic DNA only - The components of a bioreactor are
I. an agitator system
II. an oxygen delivery system
III. foam control system
IV. temperature control system
V. pH control system
VI. sampling ports to with draw cultures periodically
Choose the correct option
a) I, II, III, IV and V b) II, IV, V and VI c) I, II, III, IV and VI d) All of these - The minimum length of cistron in base pairs which synthesizes a polypeptide of 50 amino acids is:
a) 50 bp b) 100 bp c) 150 bp d) 200 bp - I. DNA being a hydrophilic molecule cannot pass through cell membranes
II. The bacteria should be made competent to accept the DNA molecule
The correct option regarding the above statements is
a) I is true, but II is false b) II is true, but I is false
c) I and II are true d) I and III are false - In cloning plasmid pBR322
p stands for …A…
B stands for …B…
R stands for …C…
Choose the correct option
a) A-plasmid, B-Boliver, C-Rodriquez b) A-plasmid, B-bacteria, C-Rodriquez
c) A-prophage, B-bacteriophage, C-Rodriquez d) A-prophage, B-Boliver, C-Rodriquez - Blood stains are found at the site of murder. If DNA profiling technique is to be used for identifying the
criminal, which of the following is ideal for use?
a) Serum b) Erythrocytes c) Leucocytes d) Platelets - The Ti plasmid used in genetic engineering is obtained from:
a) 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛g𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 b) 𝐴g𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑧𝑜g𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠
c) 𝐴g𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠 d) 𝐸𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖
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- Who got the Nobel prize in medicine for their discovery of ‘G-proteins’ and the role of these proteins in the
cells:
a) Robert and Philip Sharp b) Gilman and Rodbell
c) Fischer and Krebs d) Ervin Nahar and Bert Sakmann - Which of the following is required to perform polymerase chain reaction?
I. DNA template
II. Primer
III. 𝑇𝑎𝑞 polymerase and 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 polymerase
Choose the correct option
a) I, II and III b) I and II c) II and III d) II and III - The basis for DNA fingerprinting is:
a) Occurrence of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
b) Phenotypic differences between individuals
c) Availability of cloned DNA
d) Knowledge of human karyotype - In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest, is transferred to the host cell through a vector.
Consider the following four agents (I-IV) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or
more of these can be used as a vector/vectors
I. Bacterium
II. Plasmid
III. 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚
IV. Bacteriophage
a) I, II and IV b) I only c) I and III d) II and IV - Transfer of any gene into a completely different organism can be done through
a) Genetic engineering b) Tissue culture c) Transformation d) None of these - Thermostable enzymes ′𝑡𝑎𝑞′ and ′𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡′ isolated from thermophilic bacteria are
a) DNA polymerase b) DNA ligases
c) Restriction endonucleases d) RNA polymerases - Due to chloramphenicol resistance gene, one is able to select a transformed cell in the presence of
chloramphenicol. The chloramphenicol resistance gene in this case is called
a) Origin of replication b) Selectable marker
c) Cloning sites d) Insertional inactivation - GAATTC is the recognition site for the restriction endonuclease
a) Eco RI b) Hind II c) Eco RII d) Bam HI - Plasmid is
a) An autonomously replicating circular extrachromosomal DNA
b) An autonomously replicating circular extrachromosomal RNA
c) An circular protein molecules
d) An autonomously replicating chromosomal DNA - The polymerase chain reaction is a technique that is used for
a) In vivo replication of DNA
b) In vivo synthesis of mRNA
c) In vitro synthesis of mRNA
d) In vitro replication of specific DNA sequence using thermostable DNA polymerase - Yeast has become important in genetic engineering because it:
a) Has plasmids that can be genetically engineered
b) Allows the study of eukaryotic gene regulation and expression
c) Grows readily and rapidly in the laboratory
d) All of the above - The genome of 𝐶𝑎𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑙g𝑎𝑛𝑠 consists of:
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a) 3 billion base pairs and 30,000 genes b) 12 million base pairs and 6,000 genes
c) 4.7 million base pairs and 4,000 genes d) 97 million base pairs and 18,000 genes
- Two bacteria found to be very useful in genetic engineering experiments are:
a) 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑠 and 𝐾𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 b) 𝐸𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑎 and 𝐴g𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚
c) 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟 and 𝐴𝑧𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟 d) 𝑅ℎ𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑢𝑚 and 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑠 - Gel electrophoresis is used for:
a) Isolation of DNA molecule
b) Cutting of DNA into fragments
c) Separation of DNA fragments according to their size
d) Construction of recombinant DNA by joining with cloning vectors - Then linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with:
a) DNA ligase b) Exonucleases c) Endonucleases d) DNA polymerase - Restriction endonucleases are:
a) Present in mammalian cell for degradation of DNA when the cell dies
b) Synthesized by bacteria as part of their defence mechanism
c) Used for in vitro DNA synthesis
d) Both (B) and (C) - Which one of the following is related with genetic engineering?
a) Plasmids b) Mitochondria c) Mutations d) Ribosomes - Enzyme that is used in PCR technology is
a) Ligase b) Polymerase
c) Helicase d) Reverse transcriptase - Genetic diagnosis by DNA testing:
a) Detects only mutant and normal alleles
b) Can be done only on eggs or sperms
c) Involves hybridization to ribosomal RNA
d) Utilizes restriction enzymes and a polymorphic site - An enzyme catalyzing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is
a) Endonuclease b) Exonuclease c) DNA ligase d) Hind II - Inducible/lac operon system operates in:
a) Catabolic pathway b) Anabolic pathway
c) Intermediate metabolism d) All the above - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) needs
a) DNA template b) Primers c) Taq polymerase d) All of these - Consider the following statements
I. A soil inhabiting plant bacterium, 𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠, a pathogen of several dicot plants is
able to transfer a piece of DNA known as T-DNA
II. The T-DNA causes tumours
III. Tumour formation induced by Ti-plasmid
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which
a) Make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule
b) Recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase
c) Restrict the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase
d) Remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA molecule - Restriction enzymes are used to cut
a) Single-stranded RNA b) Double-stranded DNA
c) Single-stranded DNA d) Double-stranded RNA
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