The chapter Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production focuses on improving crop yield, livestock productivity, and food quality using techniques like plant breeding, animal husbandry, tissue culture, and biotechnology. For NEET aspirants, this chapter is important due to its real-life applications and frequent appearance in exams. Practicing NEET MCQs Strategies For Enhancement in Food Production will strengthen your conceptual understanding and exam readiness.
NEET Strategies For Enhancement in Food Production
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- The cultivation of aquatic animals or plants for food is called
a) Aquaculture b) Pisciculture c) Sericulture d) Apiculture - Differentiation of organs and tissues in a developing organism is associated with
a) Developmental mutations b) Differential expression of genes
c) Lethal mutations d) Deletion of genes - Triticale is obtained by crossing wheat with:
a) Oat b) Barley c) Maize d) Rye - Essential oils are made of:
a) Vitamins b) Auxins
c) Trace elements d) Aromatic volatile organic substances - Mule is produced by
a) Inbreeding b) Artificial insemination
c) Interspecific hybridization d) Intraspecific hybridization - Rearing and breeding of fish in ponds, tanks and artificial reservoirs is called:
a) Aquaculture b) Fishing c) Pisciculture d) Apiculture - Bee wax is a product of …….. importance
a) Industrial b) Domestic c) Medicinal d) All of these - In 1963 during green revolution the increase in crop production of wheat was due to the introduction of
a) Semi-dwarf varieties of wheat
b) Jaya and Ratna
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) Sonalika and Kalyan Sona - Safflower oil is obtained from the seeds of:
a) 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 b) 𝐿𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑠
c) 𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 d) 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑠 - Which of the following is the main aim of evaluation of germplasm in plant breeding program?
a) To identify plants with desirable combination of characters
b) For effective exploitation of the natural genes
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) For collection of variability - Spawning in fishes can be induced by:
a) TSH b) Thyroxine c) FSH and LH d) STH - An old breeding technique is:
a) Introduction b) Selection c) Mutation breeding d) Hybridisation - The botanical name for groundnut is:
a) 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖g𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 b) 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑎
c) 𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜g𝑒𝑎 d) 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎g𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑠 g𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟 - 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑖 was/is grown in
a) East India b) West India c) North India d) South India
Page 2 | NEET BIOLOGY| STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION
- Need for breeding plants, to improve food quality are
I. lack of adequate food having adequate nutritional requirements in the world
II. majority people are unable to buy enough fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and meat and thus suffer from
deficiencies or hidden hunger
III. essential micronutrients are absent from diet
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - Mating between two individuals differing in genotypto produce genetic variation is called
a) Domestication b) Incubation c) Hybridization d) Mutation - The cotton fibre from the cotton plant is obtained from:
a) Roots b) Stems c) Seeds d) Leaves - The cheapest high energy crop of India is:
a) Apple b) Guava c) Mango d) Banana - Emasculation of flowers is carried out through removal of:
a) Sigma b) Sepals and petals c) Anthers d) Entire organism - In protoplast fusion, the enzymes required are
a) Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectinase
b) Pectinase
c) Ligase, hemicellulose
d) Hemicellulose - Cows and buffaloes remain in heat for:
a) 24-36 hours b) 36-48 days c) 7-10 days d) 15-20 days - According to NCERT text, which of the following are selection and testing of superior recombination in
plant breeding?
a) It involves selection of plants amont the progeny of the hybrids with desire combination of characters
b) The hybrid are superior to both the parents this is called hybrid vigour
c) They are self-pollinated for several generations till they rich a stable of uniformily or homozygosity in
order to ovoid the segregation of characters in the future progeny
d) All of the above - Which of the following shows correct chronological order of the events occurring during callus culture?
a) Callus → Cell division → Explant → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property
b) Explant → Cell division → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property
c) Explant → Cell division → Callus → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property
d) Callus → Explant → Cell division → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property - Which of the following organisms is useful for us?
a) 𝑀𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎 b) 𝐵𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑦𝑥 c) 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎 d) 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 - The part of the grain in cereals, where much of the protein lies is the:
a) Aleurone b) Endosperm c) Pericarp d) Embryo - In crop improvement programme haploids are important because they:
a) Require one half of nutrients
b) Are helpful in study of meiosis
c) Grow better under adverse conditions
d) Form perfect homozygous individuals on diploidisation - The honey bees exhibit a type of dance to communicate the location of food. This is known as:
a) Tap dance b) Round dance and waggling dance
c) Break dance d) Waggle dance - The plant cell without the cell wall is called
a) Protoplast b) Cytoplast c) Nucleoplast d) None of these - The capacity of a cell explant to grow into a whole plant is called
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a) Plant culture b) Tissue culture c) Cellular totipotency d) All of these
- Close inbreeding usually results in reduction of fertility and productivity. This is called
a) Homozygosity b) Outbreeding
c) Inbreeding depression d) Outbreeding depression - Read the given statement about outcrossing
I. It is the breeding between of animals with in the same breed but do not have common ancestors on either
side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generation
II. It is done to increase milk production and growth rate in animals
Which of the statement given above is incorrect?
a) Only I b) Only II c) I and II d) None of these - …… is a phenomenon by which genetic variations is achieved through changes in the base sequences with
in genes, which creates a new character or trait absent in parental generation
a) Apomixis b) Mutation c) Mutation breeding d) Heterosis - Methods of breeding for acquiring disease resistance are
I. conventional breeding techniques
II. mutation breeding
III. radiation breeding
Chose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) I only d) III only - Word livestock refers to
a) Sheep and goat only b) Pigs and camels only
c) Cattle and buffaloes only d) All of these - The animal most useful on difficult terrains is:
a) Mule b) Yak c) Camel d) Elephant - Which of the following statement are the main objective of animals breeding?
I. improved growth rate
II. increased production of milk, meat, egg, wool, etc.
III. superior quality of milk, meat eggs wool, etc.
IV. improved resistance to various disease
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I, II and III c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV - A beast of burden which needs little care is:
a) Pig b) Donkey c) Mule d) Yak - Isinglass, a type of byproduct of fish industry is principally used for
a) Feeding cattle, pigs and poultry
b) Preparation of paints and varnishes
c) Clarification of vinegar, wines and beer
d) Production of insulin - The enzyme used for isolation of single cell from explant/cell is
a) Pectinase b) Catalase c) Ligninase d) Maltase - The parameters carried out for managing dairy farm are
I. selection of both the male and female animals having high yielding potential and resistance to diseases
II. regular visits by a veterinary doctor
III. each animal should be fed on a balance ratio
IV. pay attention to good animal management and general supervision
Which of the above statement are correct?
a) I and II b) I, II and III c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV - Ambergis is the secretion from the intestine of …… used in the manufacture of perfumes and other
cosmetics:
a) Tachyglossus-𝐸𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑛𝑎 b) Physetter-Sperm whale
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c) Musk-Deer d) Kangaroo-𝑀𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑠
- 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑒 is a new breed of …A… developed in Punjab by crossing …B… and …C… .
Here A and C refers to
a) A-sheep, B-Bikaneri ewes, C-Marino rams b) A-chicken, B-Dorking, C-Sussex
c) A-chicken, B-leghorn, C-Plymouth rock d) A-cow, B-Jersy, C-Brown swis - Economic importance of fish includes
I. fish as food
II. source of income
III. aesthetic value
Which of the above are correct?
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - Lysine and tryptophan are
a) Proteins
b) Non-essential amino acids
c) Essential amino acids
d) Aromatic and no acids - Which of the following disease resistance enhancement introduced by mutation in moong bean?
I. Yellow mosaic virus
II. Powdery mildew
III. Black rust
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - The conventional method of breeding for resistance includes
I. screening the germplasm for resistant sources
II. hybridization of selected parents
III. selection and evaluation of the hybrids
IV. testing and release of new varieties
Choose the correct option
a) I, II and III b) I, III and IV c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV - The primary aim of animal breeding is to breed such animals which are able to produce
a) Qualitative increase in the product
b) Quantitative increase in the product
c) Marketing of animal product
d) Both (a) and (b) - The scientific name of maize is:
a) Zingiber b) 𝑍𝑒𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑠 c) Raphanus d) Daucas - What is the outcome of increased resistance power in crops?
I. Enhance production
II. Reduces the dependence on fungicides and bacteriocides
III. Reduces the dependence on technical agricultural tools
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - The insect that is not found in the wild state is:
a) Lac insect b) Cochineal insect c) Honey bee d) Silk moth - Aim of plant breeding is to grow
a) Disease free varieties b) High-yielding varieties
c) Early-maturing varieties d) All of the above - Which of the following is not an oil seed?
a) 𝐻𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑠 b) 𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 c) 𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜g𝑒𝑎 d) 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠 - Improved varieties of wheat suitable for Indian environment have been developed by
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a) Euploidy and cloning b) Hybridization and mutation
c) Polyploidy and hybridization d) Cloning and polyploidy
- …….. is used in the manufacture of many items including cosmetics, shaving creams and polishes of various
kinds. The most appropriate word for filling the blank is
a) Bee wax b) Honey c) Latex d) Resin - A milch breed of cow is:
a) Haryana b) Malvi c) Kankrej d) Halliker - …… is an industry that includes catching processing or selling of aquatic animals
a) Fisheries b) Apiculture c) Sericulture d) None of these - The embryo which develops from somatic cell is called
a) Somatic embryo b) Reproductive embryo
c) Clone embryo d) None of these - Hinny is a cross breed between:
a) Male donkey and female horse b) Female donkey and male horse
c) Male mule and female horse d) None of these - Science of altering the genetic pattern of plants in order to increase their value and utility for human
welfare is called
a) Plant breeding b) Agriculture c) Plant genetics d) All of these - Which one of the following is the American poultry breed?
a) Australorp b) Rhode Island Red c) Minorca d) Aseel - Compared to a bull a bullock is docile because of:
a) Higher levels of cortisone
b) Lower levels of blood testosterone
c) Lower levels of adrenalin/noradrenalin in its blood
d) Higher levels of thyroxina - Maximum cocoon and raw silk production is in:
a) China b) Japan c) U.S.S.R d) Brazil - Which of the following is a disease resistant, high yielding breed of the poultry developed in Karnataka?
a) Aseel b) White leghorn c) Giriraja d) Plymoth rock - Which one of the following products of apiculture is used in cosmetics and polishes?
a) Honey b) Oil c) Wax d) Royal jelly - Semi-dwarf varieties of rice were developed from
a) IR-8 b) Taichung Native-1 c) Both (a) and (b) d) Jaya and Ratna - Largest silk producing state of India is:
a) Karnataka b) Bihar c) Assam d) West Bengal - Larval form of silk moth is called:
a) Naiad b) Maggot c) Caterpillar d) Wriggler - Bhutia is a breed of:
a) Chicken b) Goat c) Sheep d) Horse - Which of following species is specially domesticated and reared for high economic importance?
a) 𝐴𝑝𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 b) 𝐴𝑝𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 c) 𝐴𝑝𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑎 d) 𝐴𝑝𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎 - Passive, non-locomotory and non-feeding stage in life history of Silk moth is:
a) Caterpillar b) Imago c) Nymph d) Pupa - Regulations governing movement of diseased plant material are called:
a) Crop protection b) Quarantine c) Plant regulation d) Rotation - The larger distribution of clean quality milk all the world over can be said to be due to the great work of:
a) Robert Koch b) Leeuwenhoek c) Louis Pasteur d) Blackmann - Teak is obtained from plant:
a) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎 b) 𝑀𝑎𝑛g𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 c) 𝑇𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑎 g𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑠 d) 𝐶𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎 - Which of the following is not a true pulse crop?
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a) 𝑉𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑎 b) 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠 c) 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎 d) 𝐶𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑛
- In tissue culture, roots can be induced by
a) Lower concentration of cytokinin and higher concentration of auxins
b) Only cytokinin and no auxins
c) No cytokinin and only auxins
d) Higher concentration of cytokinin and lower concentration of auxins - Blue revolution
I. It is the rapid expansion intensive commercial aquaculture
II. Increase global food production and reduce widespread hunger
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) Only I b) Only II c) I and II d) None of these - Cryopreservation is useful for:
a) Preservation of semen b) Very young foetuses
c) Living cells and body parts d) All the above - Keeping beehives in crop field during flowering period increases
a) Honey and wax yield b) Crop yield c) Both (a) and (b) d) Pollination in wheat - New varieties of plants can be produced by:
a) Selection and hybridization
b) Subjecting them to very heavy dose of radiation
c) Subjecting them to doses of radiation and selection
d) Subjecting them to continuous radiation - Hidden hunger can be defined as
a) Majority people are unable to buy enough fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and meat and thus suffer
from deficiency
b) People are unable to buy healthy drink item and thus suffer from deficiency
c) People are unable to buy vitamin and minerals medicines and thus suffer from deficiency
d) All of the above - Pure line breeds refer to:
a) Homozygosity and independent assortment b) Homozygosity only
c) Heterozygosity d) Heterozygosity and linkage - International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is situated at
a) New York (USA) b) Tokyo (Japan) c) Manilla (Philipines) d) Hydrabad (India) - Pomato is a somatic hybrid of
a) Potato and onion b) Potato and tomato c) Potato and brinjal d) Potato and garlic - Real product of apiculture is
a) Honey b) Bee wax c) Both (a) and (b) d) Sugar - Protoplasts of two different species are fused in
a) Miropropagation b) Somatic hybridization
c) Clonal propagation d) Organography - The largest groundnut producing country is:
a) U.S.A. b) Brazil c) India d) Burma - A breeder evolving disease resistant variety will start with:
a) Working out yield of different varieties b) Go through the subject in library
c) Selection of parents d) Hybridisation - Which one of the following is the source of silk?
a) Eggs b) Caterpillar c) Cocoon d) Pupa - Self pollination results in:
a) Heterosis b) Hybridisation
c) Polyploidy d) Inbreeding depression - “Jaya” and “Ratna” developed for green revolution in India are the varieties of:
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a) Maize b) Rice c) Wheat d) Bajra
- Animal husbandry deals with
I. breeding of livestock buffaloes, cows, sheep, camels, etc., that are useful to humans
II. rearing, catching, selling, etc., of fish, molluscs and crustaceans
III. breeding of fowls for human use
Which of the statement give above are correct?
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and II d) I, II and III - Rate of mutations is induced by means of certain agents called
a) Mutagens b) Carcinogen c) Oncogenes d) None of these - Which statement is correct about centre of origin of plant?
a) More diversity in improved variety b) Frequency of dominant gene is more
c) Climatic condition more favourable d) None - Consider the following statements
I. Breeding of animal is very important for animal husbandry
II. Both the male and female animals selected for breeding should be of superior quality
III. The word ‘husbandry’ means the management of domestic affair
IV. In our country, poultry mainly means chickens, domesticated for egg
V. Cows and buffaloes generally give more milk than goats and sheep
VI. The yellow colour of buffalo milk is due to carotene
Which of the statement given above are true and which are false?
I II III IV V VI
a) F F T T F F b) T T F F T F c) T T T F T F d) F T F T T F - Emasculation is removal of:
a) Stigma from flower of male parent b) Calyx from flower of male parent
c) Calyx from flower of female parent d) Stamens from flowers of female parent - Lac is:
a) Excretion of lac insect b) Dead body of lac insect
c) Body secretion of lac insect d) None of the above - The most common egg-type variety used for commercial production through out the world is
a) Leghorn b) Plymoth rock c) Cornish d) New Hampshire - In livestock breeding experiments which of the following stage is transferred to surrogate mothers
a) Unfertilized eggs b) 2 celled embryo
c) Fertilised egg d) 8 to 32 celled embryo - High yielding variety of rice is:
a) Dhann b) IR-8 c) 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑚 d) 𝐷𝑖g𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎 - A tool in crop improvement involving identification of genes, transfer and integration is:
a) Protoplast fusion and tissue culture b) Somaclonal hybridisation
c) Gene bank technology d) Genetic engineering - The part of the plant taken for tissue culture is called
a) Inplant b) Explant c) Transplant d) Both (b) and (c) - Which one is a rich source of vitamin-A?
I. Carrot II. Lemon
III. Beans IV. Spinach
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) I and IV d) I, II, III and IV - A group of animals which are related by descent and share many similarities are referred to as
a) Breed b) Race c) Variety d) Species - A good germplasm collection is essential for
a) A successful breeding programme
b) Hybridization
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c) Selection of plant
d) Emasculation
- The milch breeds of cattle are?
a) Mallikar, Nageri and Malvi b) Gir, Sahiwal and Deoni
c) Kankrej, Haryana and Ongole d) Tharparkar and Kangayam - Which one is the best silk?
a) Eri silk b) Mulberry silk c) Tasar silk d) None of the above - In order to obtained disease free plants through tissue culture methods the best techniques is
a) Embryo culture b) Protoplast culture c) Meristem culture d) Anther culture - Which one of the following combination would a sugarcane farmer look for in the sugarcane crop?
a) Thick stem, long internodes, high sugar content and disease resistant
b) Thick stem, high sugar content and profuse flowering
c) Thick stem, short internodes, high sugar content, disease resistant
d) Thick stem, low sugar content, disease resistant - Hardening in tissue culture is
a) Keeping 30°-50℃ temperature for about 30 minutes
b) Acclimatization of tissue culture plants slowly before growing in the field
c) Plunging the vials into water at 37°-40℃
d) None of the above - Fibre yielding plant is:
a) 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 b) 𝐺𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑢𝑚 c) 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑚 d) 𝑅𝑎𝑢𝑤𝑜𝑙𝑓𝑖𝑎 - A draught breed of cattle is:
a) Red Sindhi b) Gir c) Malvi d) Haryana - In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection of (plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for all
genes in a given crop is called:
a) Cross-hybridisation among the selected parents
b) Evaluation and selection of parents
c) Germplasm collection
d) Selection of superior recombinants - Mutation breeding is carried out by
I. inducing mutations in plants by various means
II. screening the plant for resistance
III. selecting the desirable plant for multiplication and breeding
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑖 was grown in …A… India had …B… sugar content and yield. 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚
did grow in …C… India, had thicker stem and …D… sugar content. Here A to D refers to
a) A-North, B-poor, C-South, D-higher b) A-South, B-higher, C-North, D-poor
c) A-East, B-poor, C-West, D-higher d) A-West, B-higher, C-North, D-poor - Which one of the following is not an important Indian millet?
a) 𝑆𝑜𝑟gℎ𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑢𝑙g𝑎𝑟𝑒 b) 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
c) 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎 d) None of the above - Murrah is a breed of:
a) Cow b) Sheep c) Buffaloes d) Goat - Solid stem in wheat exhibits non-preference by
a) Jassids b) Fruit borer c) Stem borer d) Stem sawfly - Pearl oyster belongs to class:
a) Gastropoda b) Pelecypoda c) Scaphopoda d) Amphineura - Artificial insemination is better than natural insemination in cattle because:
a) Semen of good bulls can be provided everywhere
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b) There is no likelihood of contagious diseases
c) It is economical
d) All the above
- The dry fibrous residue left after the extraction of sugarcane juice is known as:
a) Molasses b) Bagasse c) Massecuite d) None of the above - In 1960 to 2000 wheat production increased from …A… tonnes to …B… tonnes while rice production was
from …C… tonnes to …D… tonnes
Here A to D refers to
a) A-11 million, B-75 million, C-35 million, D-89.5 million
b) A-14 million, B-80 million, C-40 million, D-92.5 million
c) A-10 million, B-71 million, C-35 million, D-89.5 million
d) A-15 million, B-70 million, C-40 million, D-90 million - Emasculation is related to
a) Pureline b) Mass selection c) Clonal selection d) Hybridization - It is now possible to breed plants and animals with desired characters through:
a) Ikebana technique b) Tissue culture
c) Genetic Engineering d) Chromosome Engineering - Common wild rock honey bee is:
a) 𝐴𝑝𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 b) 𝐴𝑝𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 c) 𝐴𝑝𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑎 d) 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 - Anatomically, cotton fibres are:
a) Bast fibres b) Xylem fibres c) Epidermal hairs d) Pith cells - Which of the following is considered as the root of any breeding program
a) Genetic variability b) Cross hybridization c) Hybrid vigour d) Heterosis - India’s wheat yield revolution in the 1960s was possible primarily due to
a) Hybrid seeds
b) Increased chlorophyll content
c) Mutations resulting in plant height reduction
d) Quantitative trait mutations - 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 has been developed through intergeneric hybridization between:
a) Wheat and Rye/𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 b) Wheat and 𝐴𝑒g𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑠
c) Wheat and Rice d) Rice and Maize - In tissue culture method, the embryoids formed from pollen grain is called
a) Cellular totipotency b) Organogenesis c) Triple fusion d) Callus culture - Microbes like 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎 can be grown on material like
I. waste water from potato processing plants
II. straw
III. animal manure and sewage
IV. molasses
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I, II and III c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV - Technique of silk production from the cocoons of silkworms was first known to:
a) India b) China c) United Kingdom d) U.S.A. - Indian rubber tree belongs to:
a) Euphorbiaceae b) Malvaceae c) Tiliaceae d) Moraceae - The controlled breeding and rearing of fish is called
a) Aquaculture b) Pisciculture c) Sericulture d) Apiculture - The hexaploid wheat species from which modern types of wheat have been developed:
a) 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 b) 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑎 c) 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑢𝑚 d) 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑎 - Wonder wheat is new wheat variety developed by
a) Mexico’s International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre
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b) Indian National Botanical Research Institute
c) Australian Crop Improvement Centre
d) African Crop Improvement Centre
- Somatic hybridization is a technique of
a) Natural breeding b) Natural pollination c) Artificial pollination d) Artificial breeding - Some plants developed by meristem culture are
a) Banana b) Sugarcane c) Potato d) All of these - Culturing of isolated plant organ is called
a) Explant culture b) Inplant culture c) Organism culture d) Organ culture - A man-made allopolyploid cereal crop is
a) Hordeum vulgare b) Triticale c) Raphanobrassica d) Zea mays - Honey
I. is a natural valuable tonic for human body
II. contains various substances of high medicinal value, including important enzymes, vitamins and
disaccharide sugars mainly glucose and fructose
III. a number of ayurvedic medicines are taken with honey
Which of the statement given above are correct?
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - Cereals and millets are mainly deficient in which type of amino acids
a) Sulphur containing amino acids-methionine and cysteine
b) Tryptophan
c) Both (b) and (c)
d) Lysine - Which one of the following is a disease of poultry?
a) Foot and mouth disease b) Pebrine disease
c) Anthrax d) Ranikhet disease - Through which method more numbers of female plants can be produced in papaya?
a) Spraying ethephon b) Genetic engineering c) Polyploidy breeding d) Tissue culture - Callus can form shoot or root by changing ratio of:
a) Auxin to gibberellin b) Auxin to cytokinin
c) Cytokinin to ethylene d) Gibberellins to cytokinin - Gestation period for buffalo is:
a) 9 months b) 14 months c) 10 months d) 21-22 months - In tissue culture, single germinating pollen grain will form a ……… plant
a) Diploid b) Haploid c) Triploid d) Tetraploid - The scientific name of lac insect is:
a) 𝑇𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎 b) 𝐵𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑦𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑖 c) 𝐶𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 d) 𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑠 - In case of plant breeding cross hybridization is a time consuming and tedious process because
a) Pre-existing genetic variability is collected from wild varieties, species and relatives of the cultivated
crop species
b) It involves the selection of plants among the progeny of the hybrids with desired combonation of
characters
c) In involves emasculation and bagging techniques to transfer desired pollen grains to a desired plant
d) Both (a) and (b) - The germplasm collections are usually maintained at a …A… temperature in the form of …B… . Here A and
B refers to
a) A-low, B-plant b) A-low, B-seed c) A-high, B-plant d) A-high, B-seed - Tassar silk moth belongs to the family:
a) Bombycidae b) Sturnidae c) Hymenoptera d) Diptera - GDP stands for
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a) Gross Domestic Product b) Grant Domestic Payment
c) Grant Domestic Product d) Gross Domestic Payment
- The Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi has released several fortified vegetable crops that
are rich in vitamins and minerals. These are
I. Vitamin-A enriched carrot, spinach, pumpkin
II. Vitamin-C enriched bitter gourd, bathua, mustard tomato
III. Iron and calcium enriched spinach and bathua
IV. Protein enriched broad beans, French bean, garden pea
Choose the correct option
a) I, II and III b) I, III and IV c) II, III and IV d) None of these - The percentage of proteins in the egg white is:
a) 12% b) 35% c) 64% d) 70% - Norin-10 gene of dwarfness in wheat was originated in
a) India b) Japan c) Mexico d) USSR - Which one is not included in animal husbandry?
I. Poultry farming
II. Fish farming
III. Organic farming
IV. Molecular farming
Codes
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) III and IV - The inherent capacity of a cell to regenerate a new whole organism is called
a) Ontogeny b) Totipotency c) Phylogeny d) Proliferation - The botanical name of sweet flag, commonly used as antispasmodic, expectorant and remedies for asthma
and chronic diarrhoea is:
a) 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑡 b) 𝐹𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑜𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎 c) 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑠 d) 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑎 - In India the best aquarium is located at:
a) Z.S.I. Kolkata b) Tarapur, Mumbai c) Chennai d) Vishakhapatnam - The method of growing or producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called
a) Totipotency b) Somaclones c) Micropropagation d) Macropropagation - In mutation breeding, mutations are induced by using chemical like
a) Aniline b) Alcohol c) Graphene d) Both (a) and (b) - Improved varieties of wheat suitable for Indian climates have been developed by:
a) Hybridisation and mutation b) Mutation and cloning
c) Cloning of polyploids d) Polyploidy and hybridisation - 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎 is a
a) Cyanobacteria b) Fungi c) Protozoan d) Brown algae - The method maximum used in cattle breeding is:
a) Random breeding b) Artificial insemination
c) Controlled breeding d) Super ovulation and embryo transplant - The nutrient medium for tissue culture should have
I. sucrose
II. inorganic salts
III. growth regulators
IV. vitamins
V. amino acids
Choose the correct option
a) I, II, III, IV and V b) II, III, IV and V c) I, II, III and IV d) I, II, IV and V - Which of the following plants is an oil as well as fibre yielding crop?
a) 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚 b) 𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 c) 𝐻𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑠 d) 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑎
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- Choose breeding
I. refer to the cross of superior male of one breed with superior female of another breed
II. it helps of accumulate the desirable genes of the two breeds into a progeny
III. the progeny may be used for commercial production
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - Which one of following is our indigenous breed of chicken?
a) Plymouth Rock b) White Leghorn c) Aseel d) Rhode Island Red - Strategic steps for inbreeding are
I. identify superior male and superior female of the same breed
II. these are than mated in pair
III. evaluate the progeny obtained from the mating to identify superior males and females
IV. In cattle superior female is the cow or buffalo that produce more milk per lactation and superior male is
the bull that gives rise to superior progenies
V. Superior progenies obtained are further mated
Arrange the above given steps in correct sequence and select the correct answer
a) I→III→II→IV→V b) I→II→III→IV→V
c) III→I→II→IV→V d) III→II→I→V→IV - Single cell protein is an alternative protein source for animal and human nutrition formed from certain
beneficial microorganisms like
a) Spirulina b) Methylophilus methylotrophus
c) Candida utilis d) All of the above - The scientific process by which crop plants are enriched with certain desirable nutrients is called
a) Crop protection b) Plant breeding c) Biofortification d) Bioremediation - Central Food Technological Research Institute is located at:
a) Izatnagar b) Lucknow c) Dehradun d) Mysore - Hairy leaves of many plants are associated with providing resistance from
a) Insect pests b) Bacteria c) Virus d) Bollworm - Best method to increase crop yield is (𝑒.g. wheat)
a) Using tractors b) Sowing seeds of improved varieties
c) Eradication of weeds d) Reduce ration holders - A superior female, in the case of cattle is the …A… that produces more milk per lactation. On the other
hand, a superior …B… is that …C… which gives rise to …D… as compared to those of other males. Here A
and D refers to
a) A-cow, B-male, C-bull, D-superior progeny
b) A-buffalo, B-male, C-bull, D-inferior progeny
c) A-cow, B-male, C-bull, D-inferior progeny
d) A-cow, B-male, C-bull, D-normal progeny - Natural silk contains:
a) Potassium b) Phosphorus c) Nitrogen d) Magnesium - The International Rice-8 (IR-8) has been introduced in India from:
a) Taiwan b) Philippines c) Mexico d) Japan - In maize, presence of high aspartic acid, low nitrogen and sugar content protect them from
a) Aphids b) Fruit borer c) Jassids d) Stem borer - The leaf juice of which one of the following plants is used for removal of opacity of cornea of the eye?
a) 𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜g𝑒𝑎 b) 𝐺𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑚
c) 𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑎 d) 𝑅𝑎𝑢𝑤𝑜𝑙𝑓𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎 - Which one of the following is not a fungal disease?
a) Rust of wheat b) Smut of bajra
c) Black rot of crucifers d) Red rot of sugar cane
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- Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are the varieties of
a) Wheat b) Rice c) Millet d) Tobacco - The most commonly maintained species of bee by bee keepers is
a) Apis mellifera b) Apis dorsata c) Apis indica d) Apis florae - The oil used for the treatment of toothache is:
a) Clove oil b) Castor oil c) Mustard oil d) Coconut oil - Which of the following yield an aromatic essential oil used as antiseptic, a fly repellent and modifier in hair
lotion?
a) Chicory b) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠
c) French marigold d) 𝐻𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑠 - High-yielding and disease-resistant wheat varieties are
I. Sonalkia II. Kalyan Sona
III. Jaya IV. Ratna
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) III and IV - In cotton, smooth leaf and absence of nector repel
a) Sawfly b) Bollworms c) Beetle d) Jassids - In crop improvement programmes, virus-free clones can be obtained through
a) Grafting b) Hybridization c) Embryo culture d) Shoot apex culture - Stilbesterol is used for:
a) Induction of lactation b) Artificial insemination
c) Super-ovulation d) Cryopreservation - The callus is not formed in
a) Tissue culture b) Suspension culture c) Clonal propagation d) Sexual reproduction - Which is the real product of Honey bee:
a) Honey b) Pollen c) Beewax d) Propolis - The technique of regeneration of whole plant from any part of a plant by growing it on a suitable culture
under aseptic/sterile conditions 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜 is called
a) Tissue culture b) Plant culture c) Callus culture d) Seed culture - Inbreeding is carried out in animal husbandry because it
a) Increases vigour b) Improves the breed
c) Increases heterozygosity d) Increases homozygosity - Identify the edible marine fish
a) Hilsa b) Pomfret c) Both (a) and (b) d) Catla - Which of the following countries has maximum average annual milk yield per cow?
a) United Kingdom b) U.S.A c) Denmark d) India - Which of the following is a dual purpose breed?
a) Sindhi b) Deoni c) Jersey d) Sahiwal - The animals that we would expect in a dairy are
a) Cows b) Buffaloes c) Sheep and goats d) All of these - Quarantine regulation is meant for:
a) Preventing entry of diseased plants/pathogen/wild plants in the country
b) Spraying diseased plants with insecticides
c) Promoting dry farming
d) Growing fruit trees in all the states - Androgenic haploids were produced from anther culture for the first time by:
a) Bateson b) Ninan
c) Auerbach and Stadler d) Guha and Maheshwari - Gram belongs to family:
a) Leguminoseae b) Gramineae c) Ranunculaceae d) Solanaceae
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- In MOET procedure to induce follicular maturation and super-ovulation which of the following hormones
are administered to the cow
a) Follicle stimulating hormone b) Progesterone
c) Androgen d) Oxytocin - Best source for dietary protein for a vegetarian is:
a) Soya Bean b) Gram c) Groundnut d) Milk - The various methods of crop improvement are
I. selection II. Hybridization
III. polyploidy IV. mutation breeding
V. genetic engineering
Choose the correct option
a) I, II, III, IV and V b) I, II, III and V c) II, III, IV and V d) I, III, IV and V - Indian Agriculture Research Institute is situated at:
a) Chennai b) New Delhi c) Bangalore d) Shillong - Apiculture means
a) Rearing of honey bees b) Rearing of silkworm c) Rearing of lac insect d) None of these - Ishingless is obtained from:
a) Liver of frog b) Scales of fishes c) Air bladder of fishes d) Skin of shark - The advantages of single cell proteins are
I. easy to grow
II. nutrient rich
III. high yield
Choose the correct option
a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) I, II and III - Meristem culture is practiced in horticulture to get
a) Somaclonal variation b) Haploids c) Virus-free plants d) Slow-growing callus - Examples of high-yielding and disease resistant wheat varieties are
a) Sonalika b) Kalyan Sona c) Both (a) and (b) d) Jaya - The length of silk fibre which surrounds a cocoon is about:
a) 800 to 1200 yards b) 8000 to 12000 yards
c) 800 to 1200 feet d) 8000 to 12000 metres - The objective of biofortification is to improve
I. protein content and quality
II. oil content and quality
III. vitamin content
IV. micronutrients and mineral content
Choose the correct option
a) I, II and III b) I, II and IV c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV - Crop improvement is possible through:
a) Judicious combination of selection, introduction and hybridisation
b) Selection
c) Scientific improvement of cultivated plants
d) Introduction - Maize grain is rich in:
a) Niacin b) Thiamine c) Tryptophan d) Lysine - In callus culture, roots can be induced by the supply of
a) Auxin b) Cytokinin c) Gibberellin d) Ethylene - Semi-dwarf varieties of rice were developed from
I. IR-8 II. Taichung Native-1
III. Jaya IV. Sonalika
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Choose the correct options
a) I and II b) II and III c) I and III d) III and IV
- Percentage of proteins in the fish meal is:
a) 15-20% b) 25-50% c) 40-50% d) 55-70% - India’s wheat yield revolution in 1960s was possible primarily due to
a) Increased chlorophyll content
b) Mutations resulting in plant height reduction
c) Quantitative trait mutations
d) Hybrid seeds - The plant from which chewing gum is made:
a) 𝐴𝑐ℎ𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑎 b) 𝐸𝑢𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠
c) 𝐷𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟g𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑜 d) 𝐵𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑎 - Quinine is obtained from bark of:
a) 𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑎 b) 𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑎 c) 𝑀𝑎g𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 d) 𝐶𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑎 - The largest land animal is:
a) Camel b) Elephant c) Rhino d) Python - The three major carps.−𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑎,𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑜, and 𝐶𝑖𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 grown in the same pond are due to:
a) There is no competition among them for the food material
b) Their feeding habits are different
c) They live in different habitats
d) None of the above - Silkworm spins its cocoon:
a) From inside to outside b) Outside to inside
c) Random d) Inside - Single cell proteins refers to
a) A specific protein extracted from pure culture of single type of cells
b) Sources of mixed proteins extracted from pure or mixed culture of organisms or cells
c) Proteins extracted from a single cell
d) A specific protein extracted from a single cell - Potato and tomato are native of:
a) Canada b) North America c) South America d) China - Which of the following is not an important characteristic of the green revolution?
I. Mechanised agriculture
II. Hybrid seeds
III. Slash and burn
Which of the above are correct?
a) Only I b) Only II c) Only III d) I and III - A hybrid where the cytoplasm of two parent cell are fused by retaining only one parental nucleus is called
a) Asymmetric somatic hybrid b) Cytoplasmic hybrid
c) An interbreed d) Symmetric somatic hybrid - Fibres are made of:
a) Parenchyma b) Chlorenchyma c) Sclerenchyma d) Collenchyma - The deficiency of essential micronutrients specially iron, iodine, zinc and vitamin-A in food
I. increases risk for disease
II. reduces mental ability
III. reduces life span
Choose the correct option
a) I, II and III b) I and III c) Only d) I and II - For producing protoplasts from pant cells, which of the following are required?
a) Amylase and pectinase b) Cellulase and proteinase
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c) Cellulase and pectinase d) Cellulase and amylase
- The plants produced from tissue culture are genetically identical to the original plant from which they are
grown so they are called
a) Somaclones b) Clones c) Para clones d) None of these - Which of the statement about breeding is wrong?
a) By inbreeding purelines cannot be evolved
b) Continued inbreeding, especially close inbreeding reduces fertility and productivity
c) Cross-breeding allows desirable qualities of two different breeds to be combined
d) Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection - Two temperate cereals, sometimes cultivated at high altitude in the tropics, are:
a) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 and 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒 b) 𝑍𝑒𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑠 and 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎
c) 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑢𝑚 and 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝑙𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑚𝑎 d) 𝑆𝑜𝑟gℎ𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟 and 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑢𝑚 - Gambusia is a:
a) Predator on mosquito larvae b) Pest of fishes
c) Parasite on crab d) Pathogenic protozoan - Sugar obtained from sugarcane is:
a) Fructose b) Glucose c) Sucrose d) Galactose - When cross is made between two species of the same genus, then the cross is known as
a) Intraspecific hybridization b) Interspecific hybridization
c) Intergeneric hybridization d) Intervarietal hybridization - Vegetables are chief source of:
a) Fats and minerals b) Fats and vitamins
c) Minerals and vitamins d) Proteins and vitamins - The entire collection having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called
a) Gene collection b) Germ collection c) Germplasm collection d) Plasma collection - The chances of catching bird flu from a properly cooked (above 100℃) chicken and eggs are
a) Very high b) High c) Moderate d) Nil - Undifferentiated mass of plant cells grown on nutrient medium, is called
a) Callus b) Bud c) Clone d) Scion - The totipotency of a cell refers to the
a) Flowering in a culture medium
b) Development of fruit from a flower in a culture medium
c) Development of an organ from a cell in culture medium
d) Development of all tissues of all kinds from a cell in a culture medium - A milk-like preparation can be made from the seeds of:
a) Gram b) Soyabean c) Grapes d) Barley - Increase in food production is necessary because of:
a) The better land available b) The population increase
c) The increased money power d) The better irrigation facilities - Silk glands are modified:
a) Salivery glands b) Anal glands c) Colleterial glands d) Mushroom glands - Consider the following statements
I. Solid stem in wheat exhibits non-preference by stem sawfly
II. In cotton, smooth leaf and absence of nectar repel bollworms
III. In maize, high aspartic acid, low nitrogen and sugar content protect them from stem borers
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) I, II and III b) I and II c) I and III d) II and III - Arhenotoky is a type of:
a) Parthenogenesis found in honey bees, wasps and ants
b) Parthenogenesis found in every insect c) Parthenogenesis found in mosquitoes d) Parthenogenesis found in butterflies
: ANSWER KEY :
1) a 2) b 3) d 4) d
5) c 6) c 7) a 8) c
9) d 10) a 11) c 12) b
13) c 14) c 15) d 16) c
17) c 18) d 19) c 20) a
21) a 22) d 23) c 24) b
25) a 26) d 27) d 28) a
29) c 30) c 31) c 32) b
33) a 34) d 35) a 36) b
37) b 38) c 39) a 40) d
41) b 42) a 43) d 44) c
45) a 46) d 47) d 48) b
49) a 50) b 51) d 52) d
53) b 54) a 55) a 56) a
57) a 58) b 59) a 60) b
61) b 62) a 63) a 64) c
65) c 66) a 67) c 68) d
69) a 70) d 71) b 72) c
73) c 74) c 75) a 76) c
77) d 78) c 79) a 80) d
81) a 82) c 83) b 84) c
85) b 86) c 87) c 88) c
89) d 90) b 91) d 92) a
93) b 94) c 95) d 96) c
97) a 98) d 99) b 100) d
101) b 102) c 103) a 104) a
105) b 106) b 107) c 108) a
109) b 110) b 111) c 112) d
113) d 114) a 115) b 116) c
117) d 118) b 119) d 120) b
121) a 122) d 123) c 124) c
125) c 126) a 127) c 128) a
129) a 130) d 131) b 132) a
133) b 134) c 135) a 136) d
137) d 138) d 139) b 140) d
141) b 142) d 143) d 144) b
145) c 146) b 147) a 148) c
149) b 150) b 151) a 152) d
153) c 154) a 155) d 156) b
157) c 158) b 159) c 160) a
161) a 162) a 163) b 164) a
165) a 166) d 167) c 168) b
169) d 170) c 171) d 172) a
173) b 174) a 175) c 176) b
177) d 178) c 179) c 180) a
181) a 182) a 183) b 184) a
185) b 186) d 187) a 188) d
189) c 190) a 191) d 192) c
193) b 194) b 195) d 196) a
197) d 198) a 199) a 200) d
201) a 202) b 203) a 204) c
205) d 206) c 207) c 208) a
209) d 210) a 211) b 212) a
213) a 214) d 215) c 216) a
217) a 218) b 219) a 220) b
221) b 222) c 223) c 224) b
225) c 226) a 227) c 228) a
229) b 230) a 231) a 232) c
233) b 234) c 235) c 236) d
237) a 238) c 239) b 240) b
: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :
1 (a)
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms
such as fish, crustaceans, mollusc and aquatic
plants
2 (b)
Differentiation of organs and tissues in a
developing organism is associated with the
differential expression of the genes. In regulation
of gene expression, the chromosomal proteins
plays an important role. The chromosomal
proteins plays an important role. The
chromosomal proteins are of two types-histones
and non-histones. The regulation of the gene
expression involves an interaction between
histones and non-histones
5 (c)
Mating between male and female animals of two
different species is called interspecific
hybridization. The Mule is the best example of a
successful cross between two different species,
the female horse and the male donkey
7 (a)
Bee wax is a product of industrial importance. It is
used in the manufacture of cosmetics, shaving
creams and polishes
8 (c)
In 1963 the increase in crop production was due
to introduction of semi-dwarf varieties of wheat.
Semi-dwarf wheat was developed by Norman E.
Borlaug at International Centre for Wheat and
Maize Improvement in Mexico. Semi-dwarf
varieties of rice were developed from IR-8
(developed at International Research Institute
Phillipines) and Taichung Native-1 (developed in
Taiwan)
10 (a)
Evalution. of germplasm is carried out to identify
plants with desirable combination of characters
14 (c)
S. barberi was grown in North India, had poor
sugar content and yield
S. officinarum did not grown in North India, had
thicker stem and higher sugar content
15 (d)
Three billion people suffer form protein, vitamins,
and micronutrient deficiencies or hidden hunger
because these people can not afford to buy
enough vegetable, fruits, legumes, fish and meat.
Their food does not contain essential
micronutrients specially iron, iodine, zinc and
vitamin-A. Breeding of crops with higher levels of
vitamins, minerals or higher protein and healthier
fats is called biofortification. This is the most
practical aspect to improve the health of the
people
20 (a)
In protoplasm fusion the enzyme required are
cellulose, hemicellulose and pectinase
22 (d)
All statements are correct
23 (c)
In callus culture, cell division in explant forms a
callus. Callus is irregular unorganized and
undifferentiated mass of actively dividing cells.
Darkness and solid medium gelled by agar
stimulates callus formation. The culture medium
contains growth regulators auxin 2, 4-D and often
a cytokinin like BAP. Both of these growth
regulators stimulate meristematic property in
callus
28 (a)
The plant cell without the cell wall is called
protoplast. Naked protoplasts surrounded only by
plasma membranes
29 (c)
Cellular totipotency, is the ability of a cell to give
rise to a complete plant, when cultured in a
Page| 34
suitable culture medium at appropriate
temperature and aeration condition
30 (c)
Continued inbreeding usually reduces fertility of
animals and even their productivity. This
condition is called inbreeding depression. Such
kind of inbreeding depression in selected animals
of the breeding population can be over come by
mating them with unrelated superior animals of
the same breed. Such type of mating usually helps
to restore fertility and yield
31 (c)
Mating between unrelated members of the same
breed is called out crossing. However, the mating
partners should not have common ancestors on
either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generation.
Out crossing is usually preferred in animals
having poor productivity of milk, poor growth
rate and suffering from inbreeding depression
32 (b)
Mutation is a phenomenon by which genetic
variation is achieved through changes in the base
sequences with in genes, which creates a new
character or trait absent in parental generation.
Mutation which occur naturally are called
spontaneous mutations and those which are
induced artificially are called induced mutations.
The application of induced mutation for crop
improvement is called mutation breeding
33 (a)
Breeding is carried out by the conventional
breeding techniques or by mutation breeding. The
conventional method of breeding for disease
resistance is that of hybridization and selection.
Mutation breeding is defined as the process of
breeding by artificially inducing mutations using
chemicals (like aniline) or radiations like (gamma
radiation). This radiation breeding is nothing but
the step of Mutation breeding
34 (d)
Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an
agricultural setting to produce commodities such
as food, fibre and labour, 𝑒.𝑔., sheep, pigs, camels,
cattle and buffaloes, etc.
36 (b)
Breeding involves crosses between useful animal
breeds aiming to increase the yield of animals and
to improve the desirable qualities of the produce
38 (c)
Isinglass is produced from the air bladder of cat
fishes and carps. Isinglass is principally used for
clarifying wines, beer and making purse, honey,
comb, book and ribbon. The isinglass prepared in
Russia is of the best quality in the world
39 (a)
The enzyme used for isolation of single cell from
explant cell is pectinase. The cell walls of cell are
digested by enzymes like pectinase and cellulase
to expose the naked protoplasts
40 (d)
Dairying is the management of animals, which
provide milk and its products for human
consumption
42 (a)
One of the examples of cross breeding is the
production of a new breed of sheep, called
Hisardale. This breed was developed in Punjab by
crossing Bikaneri ewes and marino rams
43 (d)
Economic importance of fish includes
Fish as Food The fish flesh is an excellent source
of protein has very little fat, carries a good
amount of minerals and vitamins-A and D and
rich in iodine
Source of Income Millions of fisherman and
farmers, particularly in coasted states, are
engaged in this business which has an important
place in Indian economy
Aesthelic Value A large number of fish are
cultured in aquarium for their beauty and graceful
movements
44 (c)
Lysine and tryptophan are essential amino acid.
Our body can not synthesis atleast 8 amino acid
(10 in children) which must be provided in the
diet from outside. These eight amino acids are
called essential amino acids. Thus, these essential
amino acids, when present in the protein of our
diet in sufficient amount, constitute protein
quality
45 (a)
In mung bean resistance to yellow mosaic virus
and powdery mildew were introduced by
mutations
46 (d)
Conventional breeding method is carried out by
the following steps
(i) Selection and screening of germplasm for
disease resistance
Page| 35
(ii) Hybridisation of selected plants
(iii) Testing and release of new varieties into the
market
Mutation breeding is carried out by the following
steps
- Inducing mutations in plants
- Screening the plant for resistance
- Selecting the desirable plant for
multiplication for breeding
47 (d)
Breeding involves crosses between useful animal
breeds, aiming to increase the yield of animals
and to improve the desirable qualities of the
produce
49 (a)
The outcome of increased resistance power in
crops enhances food production. This also help to
reduce the dependency on use of fungicides and
bacteriocides
51 (d)
Science of altering the genetic pattern of plants in
order to increase their value and utility for human
welfare is called plant breeding. Aim of plant
breeding are to grow disease free, high yielding
and early maturing varieties
53 (b)
Improved varieties of wheat suitable for Indian
environment have been developed by
hybridization and mutation
54 (a)
Bee wax.
Bee wax is a product of industrial importance. It is
used in the manufacture of cosmetics, shaving
creams and polishes
56 (a)
Fishery is a kind of industry, which is concerned
with the catching, processing or selling of fish,
shell fish (prawns and molluscs) or other aquatic
animals such as crabs, lobster, edible oyester, etc.
57 (a)
The embryo which develops from somatic cell is
called somatic embryo
59 (a)
Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of
plant species in order to create plant types that
are better suited for cultivation give better yields
and are disease resistant
60 (b)
Rhode Island Red is a breed of domestic fowl,
originated in America, characterized by a dark
raddish-brown plumage and the production of
brown eggs
63 (a)
Aseel is an indigenous breed. Aseel is one of the
best table bird but it cannot be raised for
commercial purposes because of its poor growth
and low fertility. The original aseel is a medium
sized aggressive bird commonly known as the
Reza or the Tikra. Pure specimens of this breed
are now rare and are available with some fanciers
in the parts of AP, Karnataka and UP
64 (c)
The bee wax obtained from the hives of honey
bees is used in many industries for the
preparation of cosmetics and polishes
65 (c)
Both (a) and (b).
In 1963 the increase in crop production was due
to introduction of semi-dwarf varieties of wheat.
Semi-dwarf wheat was developed by Norman E.
Borlaug at International Centre for Wheat and
Maize Improvement in Mexico. Semi-dwarf
varieties of rice were developed from IR-8
(developed at International Research Institute
Phillipines) and Taichung Native-1 (developed in
Taiwan)
75 (a)
In tissue culture, shoot regeneration is promoted
by cytokinin, and root generation is promoted by
auxin like NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid). An
excess of auxin promotes root regeneration,
whereas that of cytokinin promotes shoot
regeneration. Roots regenerates from the lower
end of these shoots to give complete plantlets
76 (c)
During the last two decades due to impact of blue
revolution there has been a rapid global
expansion of commercial aquaculture and it is
now contribute significantly to the total global sea
food production
78 (c)
Keeping beehives in crop fields during flowering
period increases pollination efficiency and
improves the yield, which is beneficial to both
from the point of view of crop yield and honey
yield
80 (d)
Page| 36
More than 840 million people in the world do not
have adequate food to meet their daily
requirements. Three billion people suffer from
protein, vitamins and micronutrient deficiencies
or hidden hunger because these people can not
afford to buy adequate vegetable, fruits, legumes,
fish and meat
82 (c)
International rice Research Institute is situated of
Manila (Philippines) and Indian Rice Research
Institute situated at Cuttack
83 (b)
Pomato is somatic hybrid between potato and
tomato and Bomato is somatic hybrid between
brinjal and tomato. Somatic hybrid are also
produced between rice and carrot
84 (c)
Apiculture or bee culture is the rearing of honey
bees by culturists in different parts of the world to
obtain honey and bees wax on commercial scale.
Both the products are used in medicines,
cosmetics and various other industries. Now-a
day bee venom is also collected on commercial
scale for the treatment of snake bite, arthritis and
many other diseases
85 (b)
Somatic hybridization or parasexual hybridisation
involves the fusion of isolated protoplasts of two
different species
91 (d)
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of
feeding, breeding and raising animal livestock
whose primary purpose is to provide meat and
milk. Meat animals include beef, cattle, sheep and
meat goats. Milk animals include cows and
buffaloes.
Poultry is a class of domesticated fowl used for
food and for their eggs. Fisheries is also an
important source of animal food, which is
concerned with rearing, catching and selling of
fish, molluscs (shell fish) and crustaceans prawns,
crabs, etc.
92 (a)
The agents which are used to induce mutation are
called mutagens. Some common mutagens are
radiation UV-rays, gamma rays, etc. Chemical –
aniline, nitrous acid, mustard gas, etc.
94 (c)
In our country, poultry mainly means chickens
domesticated for eggs and meat Cow milk is
slightly yellow in colour due to presence of
carotene, which is precursor for yellow colour in
cow milk is in the form of vitamin-A
97 (a)
The most common egg-type variety used for
commercial production through out the world is
leghorn
98 (d)
8-32 celled embryo.
MOET is program for herd improvement in animal
like cattle sheep, rabbits, buffaloes, mare, etc.
A cow is administered hormones with FSH-like
activity to induce follicular maturation and
supper ovulation
The cow produces 6-8 eggs instead of one egg
produced normally
It is now, either mated with an elite bull or
artificial insemination is carried out
When the fertilized eggs attain 8-32 cells stage,
they are non-surgically removed and transferred
to a surrogate mother
The genetic mother can now be again super
ovulated
101 (b)
Explant.
Plant tissue culture is a technique of growing
cells, tissues or organs in sterilized nutrient media
under controlled aseptic condition. The plant
materials to be cultured may be cells, tissues or
plant organs. The plant part which is used to
culture is called explant
102 (c)
The vegetable sources of vitamins-A are fat and
cholesterol free. Sources of vitamin-A are carrots,
pumpkin, sweet potatoes, winter squashes,
cantaloupe, pink grape fruit, apricots, broccoli,
spinach, and most dark green, leafy vegetables
103 (a)
A group of animals, which are related by descent
and share many similarities and referred to as
breed
104 (a)
A successful breeding programme.
Germplasm is the sum to total of all the alleles of
the genes present in a crop and its related species.
The entire collection of plants/seeds having all
the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is
called germplasm collection. A good germplasm
collection is essential for a successful breeding
program
Page| 37
107 (c)
Healthy plants can be recovered from diseased
plants by this method. Apical and axillary
meristem is the only virus free part of a virus
infected plant. By removing the meristem and
growing it in vitro, virus-free plants can be
obtained
108 (a)
Sugar cane is an important cash crop. Sugarcane
cultivator requires thick stem, long internodes,
high sugar content and disease resistant crop
109 (b)
Hardening is the acclimatization of plants formed
by tissue culture before growing in the field to
make them strong to adapt in new environment
113 (d)
Mutation breeding is carried out by the following
steps
Inducing mutations in plant by various means
Screening the plant for resistance
Selecting the desirable plant for multiplication
and breeding
114 (a)
A-North, B-Poor, C-North, D-Higher
117 (d)
Solid stems in wheat lead to non-preference by
the stem sawfly. Insect resistance in host crop
plants is due to morphological, biochemical or
physiological characters
121 (a)
A-11 million, B-75 million, C-35 million, D-89.5
million
122 (d)
Emasculation is the removal of anthers before
maturity. It is useful for cross pollination and
hybridization
126 (a)
Genetic variability is the root any breeding
program pre-existing genetic variability is
collected from wild varieties, species and relatives
of the cultivated crop species
127 (c)
In 1963, ICAR introduced dwarf selections from
CIMMYT, including those developed by Norman
Borlaug using Norin-10 as the source of dwarfing
genes
129 (a)
Cellular totipotency is a ability of cell to give rise
to a complete plant, when cultured in a suitable
culture medium at appropriate temperature and
aeration condition
130 (d)
All of these.
Easy to Grow Microbes can be grown on materials
like waste water from potato processing plants,
straw, molasses, animal manure and sewage
(i) Nutrient Rich Provide food rich in protein,
minerals, fats, carbohydrates and vitamin
(ii) High Yield Due to high rate of biomass
production and growth, large amounts are
produced
133 (b)
Pisciculture.
Pisciculture is the breeding, hat ching and rearing
of fish under controlled condition
135 (a)
Wonder wheat is a new wheat variety with a yield
of 18 tonnes per hectare. It has some 200 grains
per stalk and has developed by Mexico’s
international Wheat and Maize Improvement
Centre
136 (d)
Somatic hybridization is a process of obtaining
hybrids by fusion of protoplast in vitro
137 (d)
Some plants developed by meristem culture are
banana, sugarcane and potato, etc. Healthy plants
can be recovered from diseased plants by
meristem culture
138 (d)
Culturing of isolated plant organ is called organ
culture
139 (b)
Allopolyploid means a mixture of two different
genetic forms. Triticale is first man made
allopolyploid cereal crop
140 (d)
Honey is a sweet edible fluid of high nutritive
value. It contains sugar, water, minerals, vitamins,
amino acids, enzymes and pollen. It has a great
importance for its medicinal value
141 (b)
Cereals and millets are mainly deficient in
tryptophan amino acid. Tryptophan, an essential
amino acids, is the largest of the amino acids. It is
also a derivative of alanine, having an indole
substituent on the β-carbon
142 (d)
Page| 38
Ranikhet disease is a common viral disease in
poultry. Foot and mouth disease is a common
viral disease in cattles. Anthrax is also found in
cattles. Pebrine is a protozoan disease of
silkworms
143 (d)
Plant tissue culture is the technique of in vitro
maintaining and growing plant cells, tissue or
organ aseptically on artificial medium in suitable
container under controlled conditions
148 (c)
Cross hybridization is a time consuming and
tedious process because it involves emasculation
and bagging techniques to transfer desired pollen
grains to a desire plant
149 (b)
The germ plasm collections are usually
maintained at a low temperature in the form of
seeds. The stored seeds are grown periodically in
the field to obtain fresh seed. This is necessary
because the seed germination decreases with
storage time
151 (a)
GDP – Gross Domestic Product
152 (d)
List of fortified crop varieties released by
Crops Nutrient rich
in
Carrot, spinach and
pumpkin
Bitter gourd, bathua,
mustard and tomato
Spinach and bathua
Broad bean, lablab,
french bean and
garden pea
Vitamin-A
Vitamin-C
Iron and
calcium
Protein
154 (a)
Norin-10 gene of dwarfness in wheat was
orginated in Japan
155 (d)
III and IV.
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of
feeding, breeding and raising animal livestock
whose primary purpose is to provide meat and
milk. Meat animals include beef, cattle, sheep and
meat goats. Milk animals include cows and
buffaloes.
Poultry is a class of domesticated fowl used for
food and for their eggs. Fisheries is also an
important source of animal food, which is
concerned with rearing, catching and selling of
fish, molluscs (shell fish) and crustaceans prawns,
crabs, etc.
156 (b)
Totipotency is the inherent capability of a single
cell to provide the genetic programme required to
direct the development of an entire individual
159 (c)
The method of growing or producing thousands of
plants through tissue culture is called
micropropagation
160 (a)
Mutation breeding is defined as the process of
breeding by artificially inducing mutations using
chemicals (like aniline, nitrous acid mustard gas,
etc.) or radiation (like gamma rays, X-rays, UV
rays, etc.)
162 (a)
Cyanobacteria.
Single cell proteins are the dried cells of
microorganisms belonging to bacteria, yeasts,
moulds, higher fungi and some algae
Bacteria – Methylophilus methylotrophus
Yeast – Candida utilis
Cyanobacteria – Spirulina
164 (a)
The nutrient medium for tissue culture should
have sucrose, inorganic salts, growth regulators,
vitamins and amino acids
166 (d)
Mating of individuals from entirely different
breed is called cross-breeding. It is the method of
breeding superior male of one breed with
superior female of another breed in order to
combine the desirable qualities of two different
breeds in the progeny. The hybrid progeny may
be used directly for commercial production
168 (b)
Inbreeding involves
(i) Identification and mating of superior males
and superior females of the same breed in pairs
(ii) Progeny obtained from such mating are
evaluated and assessed for the desirable traits
(iii) Again, the superior males and females are
identified from the progeny
(iv) It should be kept in mind that a superior cow
or buffalo is that which gives more milk per
lactation. Similarly, a superior bull is that which
Page| 39
gives rise to superior progeny as compared to
those of other bulls
(v) This process is continued for 4-6 generation
169 (d)
Single cell proteins are the dried cells of
microorganisms belonging to bacteria, yeasts,
moulds, higher fungi and some algae
Bacteria – Methylophilus methylotrophus
Yeast – Candida utilis
Cyanobacteria – Spirulina
170 (c)
Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification
because it focusses on making plant foods more
nutritious as the plants are growing rather than
nutrients added to the foods when they are being
processed
172 (a)
Hairy leaves of many plants are associated with
resistance to insect pests. For example, resistance
to Jassids in cotton and cereal leaf beetle in wheat
174 (a)
A-Cow, B-Male, C-Bull, D-Superior progeny
177 (d)
Low, nitrogen, sugar and high aspartic acid in
maize develops resistance to maize stem borers
179 (c)
Black rot of crucifer-Bacterial disease
180 (a)
High yielding and disease resistant wheat
varieties were introduced in India in 1963, 𝑒.𝑔.,
Sonalika and Kalyan Sona
181 (a)
The most commonly maintained species of the
bee by bee keepers is Apis mellifera. At present
time, Apis mellifera is used in apiaries for large
scale production of honey and wax
184 (a)
High yielding and disease resistant wheat
varieties are Sonalika and Kalyan Sona. Ratna and
Jaya are semi-dwarf varieties of rice
185 (b)
In cotton smooth leaf and absence of nector repel
boll worms
186 (d)
Tissue culture technique can be utilized for the
production of virus-free plants either by meristem
culture chemotherapy or selective chemotherapy
of larger explants from donor plants. Shoot apex
consists of meristematic-cells, thus shoot apex
culture is successful to obtain virus-free clones in
crop improvement programmes
188 (d)
A callus is an amorphous mass of loosely arranged
thin walled parenchyma cells developing from
proliferating cells of parents tissue
An explant excised from a stem, tuber or root is
used for callus formation
190 (a)
Plant tissue culture is a technique of growing
cells, tissues or organs in sterilized nutrient media
under controlled aseptic condition. The plant
materials to be cultured may be cells, tissues or
plant organs. The plant part which is used to
culture is called explant
191 (d)
Increasing homozygosity due to inbreeding
results decrease in variation with in the group
and stabilization of a particular type (i.e.,
pureline)
192 (c)
Both (a) and (b). Hilsa and Pomfrets
The common marine fish varieties popularly
consumed as food are hilsa, sardines, macherel,
tuna, pomfrets, eel, Bombay duck, etc.
194 (b)
Deoni is a dual purpose breed usually famales are
good milk yielder and the males serves in
ploughing
195 (d)
The animals that we would expect in a dairy are
cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats
199 (a)
MOET is program for herd improvement in animal
like cattle sheep, rabbits, buffaloes, mare, etc.
A cow is administered hormones with FSH-like
activity to induce follicular maturation and
supper ovulation
The cow produces 6-8 eggs instead of one egg
produced normally
It is now, either mated with an elite bull or
artificial insemination is carried out
When the fertilized eggs attain 8-32 cells stage,
they are non-surgically removed and transferred
to a surrogate mother
The genetic mother can now be again super
ovulated
201 (a)
Selection is the oldest method of crop
improvement
Page| 40
The act or process of mating organisms of
different varieties or species to create a hybrid is
called hybridization
An organism which possesses more than two sets
of chromosomes is called polyploidy, 𝑒.𝑔.,
Triticale is the first man made crop derived by
crossing wheat and rye
The application of induced mutations for crop
improvement is called mutation breeding
Our conventional method of crop improvement
involve the whole genomes of plants. However,
the latest genetic engineering involves transfer of
one or more genes from one plant to another. The
plant is which a foreign genes have been
introduced is called transgenic plant
203 (a)
The maintenance of hives of honey bees for the
production of honey is termed bee keeping or
apiculture. Bee-keeping is practiced in any area
where there is availability of sufficient bee
pasture of some wild shrubs, fruit orchards and
cultivated crops
205 (d)
Easy to Grow Microbes can be grown on materials
like waste water from potato processing plants,
straw, molasses, animal manure and sewage
(i) Nutrient Rich Provide food rich in protein,
minerals, fats, carbohydrates and vitamin
(ii) High Yield Due to high rate of biomass
production and growth, large amounts are
produced
206 (c)
Cultivation of axillary or apical shoot meristem is
known as meristem culture. It involves the
development of an already existing shoot
meristem and subsequently the regeneration of
adventitious roots from the developed shoots.
Meristem culture can be used for rapid clonal
multiplication, production of virus free plants,
germplasm conservation and production of
transgenic plants
207 (c)
Sonalika and Kalyan Sona.
High yielding and disease resistant wheat
varieties were introduced in India in 1963, 𝑒.𝑔.,
Sonalika and Kalyan Sona
209 (d)
Plant breeding programme designed to increase
the vitamins, minerals, higher protein and heat
their fat content in crop yields is called
biofortification
212 (a)
In callus culture, shoot and root regenerations are
controlled, generally, by auxin-cytokinin balance.
Usually, the excess of auxin (such as Naphthalene
acetic. Acid or NAA), promotes root regeneration,
whereas that of cytokinin (like BAP) promotes
shoot regeneration
213 (a)
Semi-dwarf varieties of rice were developed from
IR-8 and Taichung Native-1
215 (c)
India’s wheat yield revolution in the 1960s was
possible primarily due to the quantitative trait
mutations
221 (b)
Single cell protein refers to sources of mixed
proteins extracted from pure or mixed culture of
organisms or cell
223 (c)
The introduction of high yielding varieties of
seeds and the increased use of fertilisers and
irrigation are known collectively as the green
revolution, which provided the increase in
production needed to make India self sufficient in
food grains, thus improving agriculture in India
224 (b)
When the nuclear genetic material of one of the
parents is eliminated through the cytoplasm from
both the parents are retained, such a fusion
product is called hybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid or
heteroplast)
226 (a)
The deficiency of essential micronutrients
specially iron, iodine, zinc and vitamin-A in food
increases the risk for diseases, reduces mental
ability and life span
228 (a)
The method of producing thousands of plants
through tissue culture is called micropropagation.
Each of these plants will be genetically identical to
the original plant from which they were grown,
i.e., they are somaclones. Many important food
plants like tomato, banana, apple, etc., have been
produced on commercial scale using this method
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