Chapter 7 – Climate and Adaptations helps students understand the differences between weather and climate, factors affecting climate, and how animals adapt to extreme environments like polar regions and rainforests. In this section, we provide complete and well-explained solutions to all Oxford textbook questions, making it easier for students to grasp key concepts and prepare effectively for exams.

Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford

Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford Full Chapter

1. Objective type questions

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

1. In hot and dry climates, water is …..(scarce/abundant) and animals need adaptations to………. (Conserve/ use) water.

2………. (Hygrometer/Rain gauge) is the instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall.

3. Places closer to the……….. (equator/poles) are generally hot.

4. Fennecs have long ears to help it in…….. (Conserving/dissipating) heat.

5. In Polar Regions, animals adapt to conserve……. (Water/body

 Heat) to stay warm.

Ans:

  1. In hot and dry climates, water is scarce and animals need adaptations to conserve water.
  2. Rain gauge is the instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall.
  3. Places closer to the equator are generally hot.
  4. Fennecs have long ears to help it in dissipating heat.
  5. In Polar Regions, animals adapt to conserve body heat to stay warm.

B. Choose the correct option.

1. What are humidity, rainfall, snow, cloud cover, etc. called?
a. Weather predictions
b. Weather
c. Weather elements
d. Weather and climate

Answer: c. Weather elements
Explanation: Humidity, rainfall, snow, and cloud cover are all components of weather, known as weather elements.

2. What is the climate of the Earth as a whole (as against different points on the Earth) determined by?
a. Distance of the Earth from the sun
b. The distance from the Earth’s equator
c. The Earth’s tilt
d. Both a & c

Answer: d. Both a & c
Explanation: The Earth’s distance from the sun and its tilt affect the distribution of solar energy, which influences the global climate.

3. Which of these places could be expected to have a lower humidity?
a. Chennai
b. Kolkata
c. Jaipur
d. Mumbai

Answer: c. Jaipur
Explanation: Jaipur is in a desert region with dry air, so it naturally has low humidity compared to coastal cities like Chennai or Mumbai.

4. What is the approximate distance of the sun from the Earth?
a. 149 million km
c. 149 thousand km
b. 149 km
d. 149 thousand m

Answer: a. 149 million km
Explanation: The average distance between Earth and the Sun is about 149 million kilometers, known as 1 astronomical unit (AU).

5. What does a maximum-minimum thermometer measure?
a. Maximum and minimum humidity
b. Maximum and minimum temperature
c. Maximum and minimum rainfall
d. Maximum and minimum wind speeds

Answer: b. Maximum and minimum temperature
Explanation: A maximum-minimum thermometer records the highest and lowest temperatures in a day.

6. What would 69% represent on a weather report?
a. Wind speed
b. Temperature
c. Humidity
d. Time of sunrise

Answer: c. Humidity
Explanation: A percentage like 69% in weather reports refers to relative humidity, i.e., how much water vapor is present in the air.

7. Which of these help to induce a faster evaporation from the animal body for a cooling effect?
a. Active sweating
c. Flapping long ears
b. Panting and licking
d. All of these

Answer: d. All of these
Explanation: All listed actions help animals release heat and stay cool by increasing evaporation from their body.

8. Which of these animals are shaped or coloured to match their surroundings?
a. Leaf and stick insects
b. Monkeys and gorillas
c. Fennecs and kangaroo rats
d. All of these

Answer: a. Leaf and stick insects
Explanation: Leaf and stick insects show camouflage, helping them hide from predators by blending with their surroundings.

9. In which of these ways do animals get adapted to their habitat?
a. Body shape and size
b. Body functions
c. Animal behavior
d. All of these

Answer: d. All of these
Explanation: Animals adapt in multiple ways—shape, physiology, and behavior—to survive better in their environments.

10. Which of these is the main reason why penguins huddle together?
a. To survive without food or water during the cold winter season
b. To help them move in the snow easily
c. To stay warm and fight their enemies
d. To lay eggs

Answer: c. To stay warm and fight their enemies
Explanation: Penguins huddle to conserve body heat and protect themselves against the extreme cold and predators in polar regions.

Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford – 1 Mark

II. Very short answer type questions

Give two examples for the following.

1. What are two examples of weather elements?
Weather elements are measurable factors that describe the condition of the atmosphere. Common examples include temperature and rainfall.
Answer: Temperature, Rainfall

2. Name two instruments used to measure weather elements.
Different instruments are used to measure specific weather components. For example, a thermometer measures temperature and a rain gauge measures rainfall.
Answer: Thermometer, Rain Gauge

3. Name two places that have extreme climates.
Extreme climates are those with very hot or very cold weather and little rainfall. Rajasthan and Ladakh are good examples in India.
Answer: Rajasthan, Ladakh

4. Give two examples of animals found in tropical and temperate climates.
Tropical climates support animals like elephants, while temperate climates are home to animals like deer. These animals are adapted to their environments.
Answer: Elephant (Tropical), Deer (Temperate)

5. Name two Arctic birds that migrate to warmer regions during winter.
Some birds leave cold Arctic regions during winter to survive. Arctic Tern and Snow Goose are well-known migratory birds.
Answer: Arctic Tern, Snow Goose

Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford – 2 Marks

III. Short answer type questions

1. Name two factors that affect:

a. the climate of a planet as a whole

  • Distance from the sun
  • Tilt of the planet’s axis

b. the temperature of a place

  • Distance from the equator
  • Altitude or height above sea level

2. What are the factors of climate that could be affected by the presence of a mountain near a place?

  • Mountains can block wind and rain, leading to different rainfall on either side (rain-shadow effect).
  • Higher altitude on mountains leads to lower temperatures, affecting the local climate.

3. What would be the climate of a place if it is located close to the sea?

  • Places near the sea usually have moderate climates — neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter — due to the influence of sea breezes.

4. Why do some birds living in extremely cold climates show migration?

Birds migrate to warmer regions during extreme winters to find food, survive harsh conditions, and return once the weather becomes favorable.

IV. Long answer type questions

1. How does the distance from the equator of a place affect its climate?
The distance from the equator affects the amount of sunlight a place receives. Areas near the equator get direct sunlight throughout the year, making them hotter and more humid. As we move away from the equator towards the poles, the sun’s rays become slanting, reducing the temperature. Hence, places far from the equator usually have colder climates.

2. Give any five adaptations that help the camel to survive in hot and dry climates.
Here are five adaptations of camels for surviving in desert conditions:

  • Hump: Stores fat which can be converted into energy and water when food is scarce.
  • Thick lips: Help camels eat thorny desert plants without injury.
  • Long eyelashes and ear hair: Protect against blowing sand.
  • Nostrils: Can be closed to prevent sand from entering during sandstorms.
  • Padded feet: Help in walking comfortably on hot sand without sinking.

3. What helps polar bears survive in extremely cold climates? (Write in detail)
Polar bears have several special adaptations that help them live in the freezing Arctic climate:

Strong limbs and wide paws: Help in swimming long distances in icy water and walking on snow without sinking.
These adaptations ensure that polar bears can hunt, move, and survive in one of the coldest environments on Earth.

Thick layer of fat (blubber): Acts as insulation and stores energy for long periods without food.

Dense fur: Their thick white fur traps body heat and provides camouflage in snowy surroundings.

Black skin underneath: Absorbs heat from the sun to keep them warm.

Small ears and tail: Reduce heat loss from the body.

Class-wise Solutions

Class 12:

Class 12 Physics – NCERT Solutions

Class 12 Chemistry – NCERT Solutions

Class 11:

Class 10:

Class 9:

Class 8:

Class 7:

Class 6:

Subject-wise Solutions

Physics:

Chemistry:

Biology:

Math:

Science:

NEET BIOLOGY

For the official Class 8 Mathematics Solutions, you can visit:

  1. NCERT Textbooks (for Class 8):
ncert resources

Understanding how living organisms adjust to their environment is essential, and Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford provides a clear explanation of these concepts. The solutions provided here help students revise and strengthen their grasp of important topics covered in Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford. Whether it’s learning about polar bears or tropical animals, this chapter covers it all.

With our detailed answers, students can confidently prepare for exams based on Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford. Make the most of these resources to fully master Class 7 Science Ch 7 Climate and Adaptations Oxford and enhance your academic performance.