Class 9 Science Half Yearly Exam Paper 2025 With Answer

The Class 9 Science Half Yearly Exam Paper 2025 is designed to test students’ understanding of key concepts in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology covered in the first half of the academic year. This paper follows the CBSE exam pattern and includes a variety of questions — from one-mark definitions and diagrams to numerical problems, assertion-reason questions, and case studies.

Class 9 Science Half Yearly Exam Paper 2025 With Answer

In this solved version, you will find step-by-step answers to all questions from Section A to Section D, along with explanations, formulas, and important diagrams. It will not only help you check your preparation level but also guide you on how to write accurate and concise answers in the exam.

Class 9 Science Half Yearly Exam Paper 2025 with All Answer Key

HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION
Subject: Science — Class IX
Marks: 60 | Time: 2.5 Hrs

General Instructions:

  • All questions are compulsory.
  • The question paper consists of 26 questions divided into four sections A, B, C and D.
  • Use of calculator is not permitted.
  • Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

SECTION A (1 × 4 = 4 marks)

Q1. Name the connective tissue that joins muscles to bones.
Answer: Tendon.

Q2. Differentiate Speed and Velocity.
Answer:

  • Speed: Scalar quantity, tells how fast an object is moving (no direction).
  • Velocity: Vector quantity, tells both speed and direction of motion.

Q3. Draw the graph of a ball which is thrown upwards.
Answer:

Q4. What type of motion is shown by:
a) a pendulum, and
b) a bus moving on a straight road?
Answer:
a) Pendulum → periodic (oscillatory) motion.
b) Bus on straight road → rectilinear motion.

SECTION B (2 × 8 = 16 marks)

Q5. Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis (any two points).
Answer:

  1. Diffusion: movement of particles from high to low concentration; Osmosis: movement of solvent through semi-permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
  2. Diffusion does not need a membrane; Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane.

Q6. State Newton’s first law of motion with one daily-life example.
Answer: Law: A body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.

  • Example: When a car stops suddenly, passengers move forward due to inertia of motion.

Q7. Carbon and Oxygen combine in the ratio of 3:8 by mass to form carbon dioxide. What mass of oxygen would be required to react completely with 3 g of carbon?
Answer: Ratio = 3:8 → for 3 g C, oxygen required = 8 g.

Q8. Mention any two functions of phloem tissue.
Answer:

  1. Transport of food (sugars) from leaves to other plant parts.
  2. Transport of amino acids and hormones.

Q9. Draw a neat labelled diagram of an animal cell.
Answer: (Draw and label: cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, ER, ribosomes, lysosomes).

Q10. Name the following:

  1. Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth — Epithelial tissue.
  2. Tissue that connects muscle to bone — Tendon.
  3. Connective tissue with a fluid matrix — Blood.
  4. Tissue present in the brain — Nervous tissue.

Q11. Write two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Answer:

  • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus.
  • Prokaryotic cells are small and simple; eukaryotic cells are larger and complex.

Q12. Write the chemical formula of:

  1. Baking powder — NaHCO₃.
  2. Lime water — Ca(OH)₂.
  3. Caustic soda — NaOH.
  4. Carbon tetrachloride — CCl₄.

SECTION C (3 × 8 = 24 marks)

Q13. Define:
a) Latent heat of fusion — heat required to change 1 kg solid to liquid at melting point without change of temperature.
b) Latent heat of vaporisation — heat required to change 1 kg liquid to vapor at boiling point without change of temperature.
c) Sublimation — direct change from solid to gas or gas to solid without liquid state.

Q14. Describe an activity to show that cell membrane is selectively permeable.

Answer:

Q14. Describe an activity to show that cell membrane is selectively permeable.


Activity to show that the cell membrane is selectively permeable

Aim:
To demonstrate that the cell membrane allows only certain substances to pass through it.

Materials required:

  • Soaked raisins or apricots
  • Beaker
  • Water
  • Strong sugar solution

Procedure:

  1. Take some soaked raisins and place them in plain water for 1–2 hours.
  2. Observe that the raisins swell up because water enters into them through the cell membrane.
  3. Now, place similar raisins in a concentrated sugar solution.
  4. Observe that the raisins shrink because water moves out of them through the cell membrane.

Observation:

  • Water can move into or out of the raisins through the cell membrane.
  • But sugar molecules cannot pass through the cell membrane.

Conclusion:
The cell membrane allows only certain substances like water to pass through but not others like sugar. Hence, it is selectively permeable (semipermeable).

OR Osmosis (potato cups):
(i) Water gathers in B and C because sugar/salt solution creates concentration difference → osmosis.
(ii) Potato A is control for comparison.
(iii) Water does not gather in A (no solute) and in D (cells dead, membrane destroyed).

Q15. Derive the equation of motion: v² − u² = 2as.
Answer:


Q16. Explain the structure and functions of permanent tissues in plants.
Answer:

  • Simple tissues: Parenchyma (storage/photosynthesis), Collenchyma (support/flexibility), Sclerenchyma (rigid support).
  • Complex tissues: Xylem (water transport), Phloem (food transport).

Q17. State and explain the Law of Conservation of Mass with an activity.
Answer:

  • Law: Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
  • Activity: React vinegar + baking soda in a closed flask. Mass before and after remains the same.

Q18. A train starting from rest attains a speed of 72 km/h in 5 minutes. Find:
(a) Its acceleration
(b) Distance travelled in this time.
Answer:

Q19. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
Answer:

  • Skeletal: long, striated, multinucleated, voluntary.
  • Smooth: spindle-shaped, non-striated, involuntary.
  • Cardiac: branched, striated, involuntary, intercalated discs.

Q20. Write short notes on:
a) Nucleus
b) Plastids
c) Mitochondria

Ans: a) Nucleus

The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. It contains DNA, which carries hereditary information and controls cell activities. Inside it, the nucleolus is present, which makes ribosomes.

b) Plastids

Plastids are double-membrane organelles found in plant cells.

  • Chloroplasts: green plastids for photosynthesis.
  • Chromoplasts: contain coloured pigments.
  • Leucoplasts: colourless, used for storage of starch, fats, and proteins.

c) Mitochondria

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles, known as the powerhouse of the cell. They are the site of cellular respiration and produce ATP (energy currency of the cell).

SECTION D (4 × 3 = 12 marks)

Q21. State Newton’s second law of motion. Derive F = ma.
Answer: The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of force.

F=ma

Q22. A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m/s², with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?
Answer:

Q23. With neat labelled diagrams, explain the structure and functions of:

  • i) Nucleus
  • ii) Mitochondria

Ans: a) Nucleus

The nucleus is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell, often called the “control center.” It contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls all cellular activities.

Structure

  • Nucleolus: A dense, spherical structure within the nucleoplasm. It is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and the formation of ribosomes
  • Double Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope): A double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm. It is perforated by nuclear pores which regulate the movement of molecules (like RNA and proteins) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
  • Nucleoplasm: The semi-solid substance inside the nuclear membrane, similar to the cytoplasm. It contains chromatin, the nucleolus, and other enzymes.
  • Chromatin: A complex of DNA and proteins (histones) that forms a network of thread-like structures. During cell division, the chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes.


Functions

  • Controls Heredity: The nucleus contains the DNA, which holds the genetic information that determines the cell’s structure and function. It ensures the accurate replication and transmission of this genetic material during cell division.
  • Controls Cell Activities: By regulating gene expression, the nucleus directs all metabolic activities, including protein synthesis, cell growth, and reproduction.

b) Mitochondria

Known as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria are organelles responsible for producing the majority of the cell’s energy.

Structure

  • Cristae: The inner membrane folds that project into the matrix. They contain enzymes and other proteins essential for cellular respiration.
  • Outer Membrane: A smooth, permeable membrane that encloses the entire organelle.
  • Inner Membrane: A highly folded membrane that is less permeable than the outer membrane. The folds are called cristae, which significantly increase the surface area.
  • Intermembrane Space: The narrow space between the outer and inner membranes.
  • Matrix: The fluid-filled space enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes.

Functions

  • Site of Aerobic Respiration: Mitochondria are the primary sites for cellular respiration, a process that breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy.
  • Energy (ATP) Production: Through a series of reactions including the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria produce a large amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s main energy currency.

Assertion–Reason Questions (2 × 1 = 2 marks)

Q24. Assertion (A): Friction is necessary for walking.
Reason (R): Friction always opposes motion.
Answer: A true, R false → Option (c).

Q25. Assertion (A): The cell is called the structural and functional unit of life.
Reason (R): All cells have cell wall as their outermost covering.
Answer: A true, R false → Option (c).

Case Study (1 × 0.5 = 2 marks)

Q26. A student heated ice cubes in a beaker. He observed that temperature stayed constant at 0°C until all ice melted, then rose until 100°C, then stayed constant until all water became steam. Answer:
a) Heat at 0°C: Latent heat of fusion.
b) Temperature not rising: heat used to break intermolecular bonds.
c) Boiling temperature at normal pressure: 100°C.
d) Heat at 100°C: Latent heat of vaporisation.

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