Class 11 Physics Sample Paper II

Preparing for Physics in Class 11 can feel challenging, but the right practice makes all the difference. The Class 11 Physics Sample Paper II is specially designed to give students a clear idea of the actual examination pattern, question difficulty, and marking scheme followed by CBSE.

This sample paper encourages conceptual thinking, logical reasoning, and strong numerical skills — all of which are essential to score well in Physics.

Why Practice Class 11 Physics Sample Paper II?

The Class 11 Physics Sample Paper II brings together a balanced mix of conceptual questions, numericals, and application-based problems from important chapters like Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Work, Energy and Power, Gravitation, Thermodynamics, and Oscillations & Waves.

By attempting this paper in a timed manner and then revealing the hidden answers, students can evaluate their preparation level, identify weak areas, and build confidence for the final examination.

Section A (1 × 8 = 8)

Q1. Modulus of rigidity of liquids is (a) infinity (b) zero (c) unity (d) some finite small non-zero constant value

Liquids cannot sustain shear stress. Therefore, modulus of rigidity of liquids is **zero**.

Q2. If all other parameters except the one mentioned in each of the options below are the same for two objects, in which case(s) would they have the same kinetic energy? (a) Mass of object A is two times that of B (b) Volume of object A is half that of B (c) Object A is falling freely while object B is moving upward with the same speed at a given point of time (d) Object A is moving horizontally with a constant speed while object B is falling freely

Kinetic energy depends only on mass and speed. Correct case: **(c)**.

Q3. If the sun and the planets carried huge amounts of opposite charges, (a) all three of Kepler’s laws would still be valid (b) only the third law will be valid (c) the second law will not change (d) the first law will still be valid

Kepler’s **second law (law of equal areas)** remains valid. Correct option: **(c)**.

Q4. Which of the following pairs of physical quantities does NOT have the same dimensional formula? (a) Work and torque (b) Angular momentum and Planck’s constant (c) Tension and surface tension (d) Impulse and linear momentum

Tension and surface tension do not have the same dimensions. Correct option: **(c)**.

Q5. An ideal gas undergoes four different processes from the same initial state as shown in Fig. 1. Four processes are adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric. Out of A, B, C and D, which one is adiabatic?

The adiabatic process is represented by **curve C**.

Q6. Why do two layers of a cloth of equal thickness provide warmer covering than a single layer of cloth of double the thickness?

Air trapped between the layers is a poor conductor of heat and reduces heat loss.

Q7. Volume versus temperature graphs for a given mass of an ideal gas are shown at two different constant pressures P₁ and P₂. What can be inferred about the relation between P₁ and P₂? (a) P₁ > P₂ (b) P₁ = P₂ (c) P₁ < P₂ (d) Data is insufficient

From the graph, **P₁ > P₂**. Correct option: **(a)**.

Q8. Along a streamline (a) the velocity of a fluid particle remains constant (b) the velocity of all fluid particles crossing a given position is constant (c) the velocity of all fluid particles at a given instant is constant (d) the speed of a fluid particle remains constant

Along a streamline, velocity of particles crossing a given point remains constant. Correct option: **(b)**.

Section B (2 × 10 = 20)

Q9. State Newton’s third law of motion and use it to deduce the principle of conservation of linear momentum.

Newton’s third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Using this, total momentum of an isolated system remains constant.

Q10. A graph of x versus t is shown. Choose the correct alternatives: (a) The particle was released from rest at t = 0 (b) At B, the acceleration is positive (c) At C, the velocity and acceleration vanish (d) Average velocity between A and D is positive (e) The speed at D exceeds that at E

Correct statements are **(a), (c) and (e)**.

Q11. A vehicle travels half the distance L with speed v₁ and the other half with speed v₂. Find its average speed.

Average speed = **2v₁v₂ / (v₁ + v₂)**.

Q12. Which of the diagrams shown best represents the variation of kinetic energy of the earth as it moves once around the sun in its elliptical orbit?

Correct diagram is **option (d)**.

Q13. The vernier scale of a travelling microscope has 50 divisions coinciding with 49 main scale divisions. If each main scale division is 0.5 mm, calculate the minimum inaccuracy in the measurement of distance.

Least count = **0.01 mm**.

Q14. A vessel contains two monatomic gases in the ratio 1:1 by mass at 27°C. If their atomic masses are in the ratio 7:4, find (a) the ratio of average kinetic energy per molecule (b) the ratio of rms speeds of the atoms.

(a) Average kinetic energy ratio = **1 : 1** (b) RMS speed ratio = **1.32 : 1**

Q15. A 500 kg satellite is in a circular orbit of radius Rₑ about the earth. How much energy is required to transfer it to a circular orbit of radius 4Rₑ? What are the changes in kinetic and potential energy?

Energy required = **1.175 × 10¹⁰ J**. Kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases.

Q16. A pipe of length 17 cm closed at one end resonates with a 1.5 kHz source. (a) Which harmonic resonates? (b) Will resonance occur if the pipe is open at both ends? Justify.

(a) The pipe resonates in the **third harmonic**. (b) No resonance occurs when the pipe is open at both ends.

Q17. Show that the average kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Average kinetic energy = (3/2)kT, hence directly proportional to temperature.

Q18. Obtain an expression for the acceleration due to gravity at a depth h below the surface of the earth.

g′ = g (1 − h/R)

Section C (3 × 9 = 27)

Q19. The position vector of a particle is given by r = 2t i + 4t² j + 10 k, where r is in metres and t in seconds. (a) Find velocity and acceleration as functions of time. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of velocity at t = 2 s.

Velocity v = dr/dt = 2i + 8t jAcceleration a = dv/dt = 8 jAt t = 2 s: v = 2i + 16jMagnitude of velocity = √(2² + 16²) = √260 ≈ 16.1 m/sDirection: tanθ = 16 / 2 = 8 θ = tan⁻¹(8)

Q20. A river flows due east with a speed of 3 m/s. A swimmer can swim in still water at a speed of 4 m/s. (a) If the swimmer swims due north, find the magnitude and direction of resultant velocity. (b) If he wants to reach the point directly opposite, in which direction should he swim and what will be his speed? (c) In which case will he reach the opposite bank in shorter time?

(a) Resultant speed = √(3² + 4²) = 5 m/s Direction = tan⁻¹(3/4) east of north(b) To reach opposite point: sinθ = 3/4 ⇒ θ ≈ 48.6° west of north(c) Minimum time is taken when swimmer swims perpendicular to the river.

Q21. (a) A raindrop of mass 1 g falls from rest from a height of 1 km and hits the ground with a speed of 50 m/s. (i) Find its final kinetic energy and initial potential energy. (ii) Account for the difference. (g = 10 m/s²)

Mass = 0.001 kgInitial PE = mgh = 0.001 × 10 × 1000 = 10 JFinal KE = ½mv² = ½ × 0.001 × 50² = 1.25 JDifference is due to energy lost in overcoming air resistance.

Q22. (a) Explain why it is easier to pull a hand cart than to push it. (b) From the given x–t and y–t graphs of a particle of mass 500 g, find the magnitude and direction of force acting on it.

(a) While pulling, the vertical component of force reduces the normal reaction, hence friction decreases.(b) From graphs, acceleration is obtained. Force = mass × acceleration.

Q23. (a) State parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem. (b) Find the moment of inertia of a solid sphere about a tangent, given that MI about its diameter is 2MR²/5.

Parallel axis theorem: I = Icm + Md²Perpendicular axis theorem: Iz = Ix + IyMoment of inertia about tangent: I = (7/5)MR²

Q24. A 3 m long ladder weighing 20 kg leans against a smooth vertical wall. Its lower end rests on the rough floor 1 m away from the wall. Find the reaction forces at the wall and at the floor.

Using conditions of equilibrium and moments:Reaction at wall = 34.6 NReaction at floor ≈ 199 N

Q25. A fully loaded aircraft of mass 3.3 × 10⁵ kg has a total wing area of 500 m² and flies horizontally at 960 km/h. (a) Estimate the pressure difference between the lower and upper surfaces of the wings. (b) Estimate the fractional increase in air speed over the upper surface.

(a) Pressure difference ΔP = mg / A ≈ 6.5 × 10³ N/m²(b) Fractional increase in speed ≈ 0.08

Q26. Explain the working principle of a refrigerator and obtain an expression for its coefficient of performance (COP).

A refrigerator works on the principle of a reverse heat engine.COP = Heat extracted from cold body / Work done COP = Q₂ / (Q₁ − Q₂)

Q27. Derive an expression for the apparent frequency of sound when both the source and the listener move in the same direction.

Apparent frequency:f′ = f × (v ± vo) / (v ∓ vs)Signs depend on relative directions of motion.

Section D (5 × 3 = 15)

Q28. (a) Show that for small angular displacement, the motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic and obtain its time period. (b) Two identical pendulums oscillate independently. Find the phase difference between them.

(a) For small angles, restoring force ∝ displacement.Time period: T = 2π√(l/g)(b) Phase difference = 120°

Q29. (a) What is capillary rise? Derive an expression for the height of liquid rise in a capillary tube. (b) Why are small liquid drops spherical?

(a) Height of capillary rise: h = 2T cosθ / (rρg)(b) Due to surface tension, liquids minimize surface area, hence spherical shape.

Q30. (a) Derive an expression for the maximum safe speed of a car on a banked road. (b) A gun of mass 100 kg fires a bullet of mass 1 kg. Find the recoil velocity of the gun.

(a) Maximum safe speed: v = √(rg tanθ)(b) Using conservation of momentum: Recoil velocity of gun = 0.4 m/s (backward)