Correct Answer: b) HCOOH

Hint: When chloroform is heated with aqueous alkali, it undergoes hydrolysis to produce formic acid (HCOOH).

Correct Answer: b) $CH_3COCH_2COOC_2H_5$

Hint: The keto-ester (A) does not give the haloform reaction despite the presence of a $CH_3CO-$ group because of the active methylene group ($-CH_2-$) that prevents the conversion of $CH_3CO-$ to $CX_3CO-$.

Correct Answer: c) urotropine

Hint: Formaldehyde reacts with $NH_3$ to form urotropine (hexamethylenetetramine), a product used in medicine for treating urinary infections.

Correct Answer: d) $CH_3-CH_2-CH(OH)-CH(CH_3)-CHO$

Hint: Aldehydes with an alpha-hydrogen atom undergo aldol condensation in the presence of a dilute base. Propanal reacts with itself to form the given β-hydroxy aldehyde.

Correct Answer: d) Aldehyde

Hint: Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids, which involves the addition of one oxygen atom. This requires 0.5 moles of $O_2$.

Correct Answer: c) $CH_3COCl$

Hint: The reaction of acetic acid with $PCl_5$ replaces the hydroxyl group with a chlorine atom, forming acetyl chloride.

Correct Answer: c) Acetone

Hint: Ethanol is oxidized to acetic acid. The calcium salt of acetic acid is calcium acetate, which on dry distillation yields acetone.

Correct Answer: b) Destructive distillation of coal

Hint: Coal-tar is a thick, black, viscous liquid produced as a by-product during the destructive distillation of coal to produce coke and coal gas.

Correct Answer: d) All of these

Hint: Benzoic acid ($C_6H_5COOH$) is a solid with low solubility in water and burns with a smoky flame due to its aromatic nature. Acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$) is a liquid that is miscible with water and burns with a non-sooty flame.

Correct Answer: b)

Hint: This is a Witting reaction, which converts a carbonyl group ($>C=O$) to an alkene ($>C=CH_2$) using a phosphorus ylide.

Correct Answer: a) HCHO

Hint: The alkaline hydrolysis of methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$) first forms an unstable gem-diol, which quickly dehydrates to produce formaldehyde ($HCHO$).

Correct Answer: a)

Hint: This reaction is a Birch reduction. The carboxyl group is a meta-directing deactivating group, and the reduction adds hydrogen atoms at positions 1 and 4, producing 1,4-cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid.

Correct Answer: c) Picric acid

Hint: Picric acid is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, which contains a hydroxyl group and three nitro groups, but no carboxyl group.

Correct Answer: c) Herbicide

Hint: 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic auxin used as a selective herbicide to control broadleaf weeds.

Correct Answer: d) Butan-2-one

Hint: The reaction is a Clemmensen reduction, which reduces the carbonyl group of ketones and aldehydes to a hydrocarbon. Butan-2-one, a ketone, is converted to butane ($CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3$).

Correct Answer: c) 3-pentanone

Hint: This is an Oppenauer oxidation, where a secondary alcohol (3-pentanol) is oxidized to a ketone (3-pentanone) using aluminum tert-butoxide and acetone.

Correct Answer: a) HCHO

Hint: Bakelite is a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a thermosetting polymer obtained from the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde ($HCHO$).

Correct Answer: b) Ester

Hint: This is a type of esterification reaction where the silver salt of a carboxylic acid reacts with an alkyl halide to form an ester.

Correct Answer: a) $CH_3COCHO$

Hint: Selenium dioxide ($SeO_2$) is a specific oxidizing agent for converting a methyl group adjacent to a carbonyl group into a diketone.

Correct Answer: c)

Hint: This is a Benzilic acid rearrangement, where a 1,2-diketone rearranges in the presence of a base to form an alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid.

Correct Answer: d) All of these

Hint: The Hofmann bromamide reaction is given by primary amides ($RCONH_2$). Since all the given compounds have a primary amide group, they will undergo this reaction.

Correct Answer: d) Evaporation

Hint: Distillation involves boiling a liquid to a gaseous state and then condensing the vapor back into a liquid. Evaporation is a natural process that occurs below the boiling point and is not a core part of the controlled process of distillation.

Correct Answer: b)

Hint: $NaBH_4$ is a selective reducing agent that reduces the ketone to an alcohol but does not affect the double bond. $B_2H_6$ followed by $H_2O_2$ performs hydroboration-oxidation, which adds a hydroxyl group to the double bond, resulting in an alcohol and ketone.

Correct Answer: c) Addition-elimination

Hint: The reaction involves the initial nucleophilic addition of hydrazine to the carbonyl carbon, followed by the elimination of a water molecule to form a hydrazone.

Correct Answer: c) $CH_3CH_2CHO$

Hint: Aldol condensation requires the presence of at least one alpha-hydrogen atom. Propanal ($CH_3CH_2CHO$) has alpha-hydrogens, while the other options do not.

Correct Answer: b) Both electrophiles and nucleophiles

Hint: In the carbonyl group ($>C=O$), the carbon atom is electrophilic (electron-deficient) and the oxygen atom is nucleophilic (electron-rich), allowing it to react with both nucleophiles and electrophiles.

Correct Answer: c) The Koch reaction

Hint: The Koch reaction (or Koch-Haaf reaction) is a method for synthesizing tertiary carboxylic acids from alkenes or alcohols using carbon monoxide and a strong acid catalyst.

Correct Answer: c) Boiling points of acids are higher than corresponding alcohols.

Hint: Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than corresponding alcohols due to stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which forms dimers.

Correct Answer: b) Chromic anhydride in glacial acetic acid

Hint: Chromic anhydride ($CrO_3$) in glacial acetic acid is a suitable oxidizing agent that will oxidize the secondary alcohol to a ketone without affecting the carbon-carbon double bond.

Correct Answer: b) $Pd/BaSO_4$

Hint: The Rosenmund reaction uses hydrogen gas with a palladium catalyst supported on barium sulfate ($Pd/BaSO_4$). The barium sulfate acts as a poison to prevent the over-reduction of the aldehyde to a primary alcohol.

Correct Answer: a)

Hint: Claisen condensation requires the presence of an alpha-hydrogen atom. The compound in option (a) lacks an alpha-hydrogen on the carbon adjacent to the ester group.

Correct Answer: d) Methyl salicylate

Hint: Methyl salicylate is an ester with a characteristic odor known as ‘oil of winter green,’ often used in topical pain relievers.

Correct Answer: b) Rosenmund’s reaction

Hint: This is the Rosenmund reaction, a catalytic hydrogenation of an acyl chloride to form an aldehyde.

Correct Answer: a)

Hint: The labile acidic hydrogen on the hydroxyl group of the enol form is readily exchanged with a deuterium atom from $D_2O$.

Correct Answer: d) All of these

Hint: Acetic acid reacts with ammonia to form ammonium acetate, which upon heating yields acetamide ($CH_3CONH_2$). The molecular formula of acetamide is $C_2H_5NO$. All the given options are isomers with the same molecular formula.

Correct Answer: a) $C_3H_7COOH$

Hint: A Grignard reagent reacts with carbon dioxide followed by hydrolysis to form a carboxylic acid with one more carbon atom. Propyl magnesium bromide will form butanoic acid ($C_3H_7COOH$).

Correct Answer: a) (+) tartaric acid

Hint: Tartaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is naturally found in many plants, most notably in grapes and tamarinds. The form found in tamarinds is the dextrorotatory (+) isomer.

Correct Answer: b) Alcoholysis

Hint: Alcoholysis is the chemical reaction where a chemical bond is split by the reaction of an alcohol with another compound.

Correct Answer: b) Oxime

Hint: The reaction of a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) with hydroxylamine ($NH_2OH$) yields an oxime. For example, acetaldehyde reacts to form acetaldoxime.

Correct Answer: b) Acetaldehyde

Hint: Cinnamaldehyde is formed by the reaction of benzaldehyde ($\phi CHO$) with acetaldehyde ($CH_3CHO$) in a Claisen-Schmidt reaction, a type of aldol condensation.

Correct Answer: c) Acetic anhydride

Hint: $P_2O_5$ is a powerful dehydrating agent. When heated with two molecules of acetic acid, it removes a water molecule to form acetic anhydride.

Correct Answer: b) Kjeldahl’s method

Hint: Kjeldahl’s method is a standard analytical procedure for the quantitative estimation of nitrogen in organic compounds, including proteins.

Correct Answer: c) $HCHO>\phi CHO>CH_3COCH_3$

Hint: The reducing power of carbonyl compounds decreases as the steric hindrance increases. Formaldehyde has the least steric hindrance, followed by benzaldehyde, and then acetone.

Correct Answer: c) $CH_3CHO$

Hint: The reaction of acetaldehyde with HCN followed by hydrolysis yields a compound with a chiral carbon atom, which is lactic acid.

Correct Answer: d) Ketone

Hint: An ester reacts with one mole of a Grignard reagent to form a ketone. If an excess of the Grignard reagent is used, it will react further to form a tertiary alcohol.

Correct Answer: a) Optical isomerism

Hint: The product, lactic acid ($CH_3CH(OH)COOH$), has a chiral center on the second carbon atom, which is a prerequisite for optical isomerism.

Correct Answer: b) Deprotonation

Hint: Carboxylic acids are weak acids that can donate a proton to a base like NaOH, forming a soluble carboxylate salt. This process is known as deprotonation.

Correct Answer: c) Formic acid

Hint: Carboxylic acids are prepared from Grignard reagents by reacting them with carbon dioxide. However, this reaction always adds at least one carbon atom, so formic acid (with only one carbon) cannot be made this way.

Correct Answer: d) Acetone, 3-pentanol

Hint: A ketone (acetone) reacting with a Grignard reagent (ethyl magnesium iodide) followed by hydrolysis forms a tertiary alcohol (3-pentanol). This tertiary alcohol cannot be oxidized further to a ketone.

Correct Answer: a)

Hint: The reaction sequence involves ozonolysis-like cleavage of the double bond. The alkene is cleaved to produce two carbonyl compounds, which are then further oxidized or reduced depending on the conditions.